[112], The party fielded a controversial motion in the 2007 general deliberations on the immigration budget, calling for a stop to immigration from Muslim countries. ", "Heatwaves are on the rise in Algeria due to climate change, says specialist", "Climate Change in Algeria: Vulnerability and Strategy of Mitigation and Adaptation", Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "What's happening in Algeria is it the "Arab spring"? WebHearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. [29] Find stories, updates and expert opinion. Advertisement. Insults, misrepresentations, attacks against Muslim scholars, and attacks against Muslim themselves are a norm; and Im not even talking about the grief that non-Muslims give us. Find stories, updates and expert opinion. Johnson has been Member of Aghrout, Ahmed; Bougherira, Redha M. (2004). and was considered[by whom?] The study claims that the PVV holds xenophobic ideas, but not antisemitic ideas the PVV describes its culture as Jewish-Christian humanistic. WebAll modern humans are classified into the species Homo sapiens, coined by Carl Linnaeus in his 1735 work Systema Naturae. [99][40][100] Wilders however maintains that he is not anti-Muslim, only anti-Islam, summing up his views by stating "I don't hate Muslims, I hate Islam". "[115][116] The website caused a lot of controversy within the European Union. [86][87], In January 2010, the report Polarisatie en radicalisering in Nederland[88] (transl. [104] however the European Convention on Human Rights as reviewed in 2010 ECtHR jurisprudence has reaffirmed that form of discrimination is a violation of a human right. These calls were rejected. [citation needed], Although the VVD expected Wilders to return his parliamentary seat to the party, he refused, and continued to sit in parliament as a one-man party, Groep Wilders (Wilders Group). MP Raymond de Roon headed the campaign in his home town of Almere. Thirty-five years of racist housing policy. If the polling results were to be replicated at a genuine election, Wilders would be a major power broker and could become Prime Minister. https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/20875483/JB07LucardieDEF_1_.pdf, "Geert Wilders, 'Dutch Donald Trump,' Takes Second Place In Closely Watched Election", "Far-right former Dutch lawmaker who said the Quran is 'poison' converts to Islam", "Dutch elections loom as budget talks collapse", "Dutch party wants to outlaw mosques, Islamic schools, Koran", "Dutch Far-right Leader Seeks Ban on Quran, Mosques", "PVV: Nederland moet uit EU. Muslims making [128][129] The Vereniging Groep Wilders (Association Group Wilders) was founded by the natural person Geert Wilders and Stichting Groep Wilders (Foundation Group Wilders), of which Wilders is the only board member. Find coverage on the latest in politics, news, business, and more. Wilders could not accept the VVD's positive stance towards Turkey's possible accession to the European Union, and left the party disgruntled. Older Press Releases. [111], Perhaps in the light of the Moldova ruling, in the first Rutte government in 2010 chaired by the VVD leader, supported by the PVV, Marlies Veldhuijzen van Zanten became the new State Secretary for Health, Welfare and Sport, having both Dutch and Swedish nationality. [68][69] Marcel de Graaff of the PVV and Marine Le Pen of the National Front became the first co-presidents of this group. In 1948, the Freedom Party went on as the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie), which is the party Wilders split from. sigh [117], The PVV has declared that, since it is against state subsidies, it rejects the idea of itself being financially supported by the government and believes the "taxpayers should not pay for political parties they don't support". Use our site search. She says that during the Lebanese Civil War, Islamic militants launched an assault on a Lebanese military base near her family's house and destroyed her home.Gabriel, who was ten years old at [26], On 22 February 2006, the Party for Freedom was registered with the Electoral Council. Gabriel was born in the Marjeyoun District of Lebanon to a Maronite Christian couple, a first and only child after over twenty years of marriage. [citation needed], An alleged earlier version of the report, leaked to the Dutch daily newspaper de Volkskrant in November 2009, said that Wilders' party is an extreme right-wing grouping and a threat to social cohesion and democracy. [61] The very fact of the participation of the PVV in these coalition negotiations has caused fierce discussions in political circles[which?] ", "Meet the Dutch immigrants backing far-right election candidate Geert Wilders", PVV wrongly claims 13,000 from Brussels for euro report: tv show, Exclusive: U.S. groups helped fund Dutch anti-Islam politician Wilders, Partners Wilders in VS verdienen aan acties tegen moslimextremisme, Geert Wilders far-right party suffers donation downturn, Financile verslagen over 2015 van politieke partijen, Overzicht giften en schulden politieke partijen Tweede Kamerverkiezingen, "The Dutch far right's election donors are almost exclusively American", Verkiezingsuitslagen Eerste Kamer 1918 - heden, "Kiesraad: Europees Parlement 4 juni 2009", "Extra zetel Europees Parlement naar PVV", "Kiesraad: Europees Parlement 22 mei 2014", "Kiesraad: Europees Parlement 23 mei 2019", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Party_for_Freedom&oldid=1126645961, Member parties of the Identity and Democracy Party, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2012, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2017, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2016, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from March 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Recording the ethnicity of all Dutch citizens. [113] Another motion by the PVV, against police officers wearing veils, did gain a parliamentary majority. Only students who are 13 years of age or older can save work on TED-Ed Lessons. This meant it would be unrepresented in the Senate. ), Jaarboek 2007, Groningen z.j. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. While the party would not gain a ministerial appointment, the PVV would tolerate a centre-right minority government coalition: a proposed deal that would make the party one of the most influential forces. They are different from the visual arts, which are the use of paint, canvas or various materials to create physical or static art objects.Performing arts include a range of disciplines which are performed in front of a live audience, including theatre, music, and After more than twenty years, Questia is discontinuing operations as of Monday, December 21, 2020. Follow Chuck Todd as he uncovers breaking news events with the experts on NBCNews.com. Abolition of the European Parliament and no cooperation in any EU activity. Still cant find what youre [] It displays newspaper headlines such as 'Wouldn't it be better if you went back home?' The halcyon talk of interracial living is dead. [93][94], Some commentators and international scholarly publications have argued that the party is far-right; for example, the ex-prime minister Van Agt regards the party as ultra-right-wing, and Bert de Vries (CDA) draws comparisons with the small Centre Party. He is supported in his cause by the large Dutch trade unions and refugee organisations. [75] The party also saw a setback during the 2019 European Parliament election in which it did not return any MEPs, but was allocated one in post-Brexit appointments which was taken by Marcel de Graaff until 2022 when he defect to FvD. According to the polls, the PVV would get 35 seats in a new election, which is a record high number. [83], The Parliamentary Documentation Center (Parlementair Documentatie Centrum) of the Leiden University characterises the PVV as "populist, with both conservative, liberal, right-wing and left-wing positions". WebQuestia. According to Joop van Holsteyn, professor of election research, therefore, De Hond's polls were not representative of the population. [35][36][37] WebAbout Our Coalition. [101], International affairs commentator Marlene Spoerri has opined that while PVV endorses anti-Islam and eurosceptic positions, it also differs from other European populist and nationalist parties such as the Flemish Vlaams Belang or the French National Front, arguing that the PVV has not historically espoused antisemitic rhetoric and does not advocate for a return to "traditional family values," but instead takes a firmly pro-Israel stance and has supported socially liberal positions such women's and gay rights, abortion and euthanasia in its platform. from? and How do I live a life of meaning? These existential questions are central to the five major world religions -- and thats not all that connects these WebLatest breaking news, including politics, crime and celebrity. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. and 'East Europeans, increasingly criminal'. [34] Any party participating in this election was required to collect at least 30 signatures from supporters in each of the 19 electoral districts; of the 1500 signatures the PVV received, the Dutch Antifascist group identified 34 known far-right supporters. Watch video-based lessons organized by subject and age, Find video-based lessons organized by theme, Learn through interactive experiences created with other organizations, Organize video-based lessons in your own collection, Learn how students can create talks as part of a class, club or other program, Learn how educators in your community can give their own TED-style talks, Donate to support TED-Eds non-profit mission, Buy custom prints inspired by TED-Ed animations, Religion is an integral part of our culture, Hazleton calls for a new appreciation of doubt and questioning as the foundation of faith, A.J. Fellow MP Sietse Fritsma was appointed head of the local election campaign in The Hague. [48] Other Dutch polls (Politieke Barometer and TNS NIPO) have shown contrasting results, with the PVV often getting less support, though still remaining very popular. The polls predicted that the party would take 21 per cent of the national vote, giving it 32 out of 150 seats in the Dutch parliament. Srpskohrvatski / , Turkey's possible accession to the European Union, the influence of Islam on the Netherlands, parliamentary elections of 12 September 2012, Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, reliable, independent, third-party sources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands, List of Party for Freedom Members of the European Parliament, Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands PVV (Party for Freedom), Favorita en de duistere financiering van partijen, "Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) Europe Politique", Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism, "Could the anti-Islam Party for Freedom come out on top in upcoming Netherlands election? The "debate" is nearly always derived from the work of Moiz Amjad, and in this video, we explain why Amjad is wrong. The House of Representatives at first declined to bring the motion forward for debate. [66] MEP Hans Jansen died on 5 May 2015 and was replaced by Auke Zijlstra on 1 September 2015. It appears that religion has been around in one form or another for most of human history. In the 2010 general election ( )", "Algeria Country Profile Nations Online Project", "Algeria's president Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns after 20 years", "Algeria election: Fresh protests as Tebboune replaces Bouteflika", "Algerian constitution ", "IPU PARLINE database: ALGERIA (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani), Full text", "France offers compensation to victims sickened by nuclear tests", "Bin Ali calls for reactivating Arab Maghreb Union, Tunisia-Maghreb, Politics", "Algeria stops gas supplies to Spain via Morocco, as diplomatic row with Rabat intensifies", International Institute for Strategic Studies, "The Nuclear Vault: The Algerian Nuclear Problem", "Venezuela's Chavez To Finalise Russian Submarines Deal", "Algeria must stop crushing dissent by imprisoning journalists and activists", "Algrie: Dissolution du Snateg, le secrtaire gnral conteste", "Le Snategs dnonce et dcide de porter plainte | Le Matin d'Algrie", "Algrie: Les droits des travailleurs bafous", "Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death", "Are Arabs turning their backs on religion? Webhad this adblocker for a very long time . Two hundred fifty years of slavery. Jacobs talks about the year he spent living biblically. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. To appreciate Arabic poetry is difficult for the non-speaker. The PVV has also proposed banning the Quran and shutting down all mosques in the Netherlands. [65], In the parliamentary elections of 12 September 2012, the PVV went from 24 to 15 seats (of 150), winning 10% of the vote. Binding assimilation contracts for immigrants. Nominate yourself here . [82] Wilders has been described as positioning himself to inherit Fortuyn's former supporters. The "debate" is nearly always derived from the work of Moiz Amjad, and in this video, we explain why Amjad is wrong. [28] After the 2006 elections, Spruyt said he was not surprised that the Party for Freedom had gained seats but maintained that, if the Party for Freedom had sought cooperation with Eerdmans and Pastors, it would have won more, even enough to bring about a CDA-VVD majority government. Why Isn't Western Media Reporting It? In particular, the report stated that the party's pro-Israel stance showed that it was not neo-Nazi. The neighborhood is 92 percent black. WebDynamic Speaker Driver Market Growth, Trends, Covid-19 Impact, Swot Analysis And Forecast 2022 To 2028 - 42 mins ago. Its estimated Create and share a new lesson based on this one. WebTED Conferences, LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is an American-Canadian non-profit media organization that posts international talks online for free distribution under the slogan "ideas worth spreading". The internet can be a nasty place, especially for Muslims. [citation needed], In the European Parliament election on 22 May 2014, the party kept its four seats in the European Parliament. Founded in 2006 as the successor to Geert Wilders' one-man faction in the House of Representatives, it won nine seats in the 2006 general election making it the fifth-largest party in parliament. The PVV only contested these in The Hague and Almere, because of a shortage of good candidates. The motion had to be withdrawn, however, after objection from the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Gerdi Verbeet (Labour Party). According to Hero Brinkman, a former MP for the party, the PVV received most of its finances from certain foreign (American) lobby-groups. [20][21][81] The party is also opposed to dual citizenship (see below). To track your work across TED-Ed over time, Register or Login instead. Muslims making Opmerkingen over de politieke plaatsbepaling van de Partij voor de Vrijheid en Trots op Nederland, in: G. Voerman (ed. She says that during the Lebanese Civil War, Islamic militants launched an assault on a Lebanese military base near her family's house and destroyed her home.Gabriel, who was ten years old at uninstalled and reinstalled it , and now i have to pay for it . Approximately 17 minutes in length, it shows selected excerpts from Suras of the Qur'an, interspersed with media clips and newspaper cuttings showing or describing acts of violence or hatred by Muslims. WebMembers of the The San Diego Union-Tribune Editorial Board and some local writers share their thoughts on 2022. WebISLAM Much of the beauty of the Qur'an comes in its poetry. WebThe latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing turned adblocker off and back on , went to settings and updated extensions , still got ads . WebOur breaking political news keeps you covered on the latest in US politics, including Congress, state governors, and the White House. [31], In an HP/De Tijd profile dated December 2006, the party was described as a cult, with an extremely distrustful Wilders only accepting fellow candidates completely loyal to him, and compared the PVV to the Socialist Party led by Jan Marijnissen but without reaching that degree of organisational perfection. Ban on headscarves in any public function. However, Wilders has defended the party's structure, stating that he does not want extremists to take over the PVV, while others have cited the example of the defunct Pim Fortuyn List party which shared many similar policies to the PVV but succumbed to factional infighting following the murder of its founder. Powerful female activists are fighting against the transgender movements massive push to provide sex changes to gender-confused girls; against attacks on the natural family; and against the vile abuse and degradation of digital pornography. [120] In 2010, Geert Wilders voiced his support for Yisrael Beiteinu and held talks with its leader Avigdor Lieberman. These include what the party calls city commandos: street patrols to keep order in the face of inadequate proper law enforcement. Yet cyberspace is littered with so many non-scholars who claim that she was some other age that some people assume that Aisha's age is debatable. Polling by Maurice de Hond published in March 2009 indicated that the PVV was the most popular parliamentary party. [56][57], On 18 March 2010, the PVV gave up trying to form a governing coalition in Almere. [96] International media outlets, similarly, have followed this classification. [84], In December 2008, the eighth study "Monitor Racism and Extremism",[85] conducted by the Anne Frank Foundation and the Leiden University, has found that the Party for Freedom can be considered far-right, although "with ifs and buts". Geert Wilders said that Arib's remark on national television that her loyalty lay neither with the Netherlands nor Morocco was shameful. [33], On 13 January 2007, NRC Handelsblad reported that a PVV intern had solicited for signatures on the website forums Dutch Disease Report and Polinco, the latter a forum described as far-right by various organisations, among them the Dutch Complaints Bureau for Discrimination on the Internet. Return to the home page. [32], On 10 January 2007, the PVV announced it would not field candidates at the forthcoming Provincial elections. The Taj Mahal: A monument to eternal love. Return to the home page. All five of the major world religions in the lesson have a basic reason or two that encourages a person to be good. We want to know,' the website states. Founded in 2006 as the successor to Geert Wilders' one-man faction in the House of Representatives, it won nine seats in the 2006 general election making it the fifth-largest party in parliament. To appreciate Arabic poetry is difficult for the non-speaker. [80] More specifically, the party has called for a banning the Quran, and shutting down all mosques in the Netherlands. [132][133] Commentators have also cited Wilders as one of the first party leaders to use web and social media messages to reach voters instead of traditional public campaigning such as public rallies or meet and greets. The PVV won in Almere and came second to the Labour Party in The Hague. Founded in 2006 as the successor to Geert Wilders' one-man faction in the House of Representatives, it won nine seats in the 2006 general election making it the fifth-largest party in parliament. WebEarly life and education. The PVV claimed that dual nationals have unclear loyalty. Yet cyberspace is littered with so many non-scholars who claim that she was some other age that some people assume that Aisha's age is debatable. Easy, well-researched, and trustworthy instructions for everything you want to know. They described the PVV as the "new radical right", a party with a national democratic ideology but without extreme right-wing roots. Ask the EU to remove the "Dutch" star in the European flag. sigh Gabriel was born in the Marjeyoun District of Lebanon to a Maronite Christian couple, a first and only child after over twenty years of marriage. [72], The party won 20 seats (of 150) according to the preliminary results, which is five seats more than in the previous election in 2012, making it the second-largest party in Parliament.[73]. WebOur breaking political news keeps you covered on the latest in US politics, including Congress, state governors, and the White House. Advertisement. [1][130] The party is considered unique in Dutch politics in that it does not organise public party conferences and does not have local departments, a youth wing, or a research institute. [102], In February 2007, PVV parliamentarian Fritsma introduced a motion that would have prohibited any parliamentarian or executive branch politician from having dual citizenship. WebThe Party for Freedom (Dutch: Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands.. Spruyt left the party in the summer of 2006 after it proved unable to build broad conservative backing, and people like Joost Eerdmans and Marco Pastors proved unwilling to join. In Rotterdam, a full recount was held after a protest by Leefbaar Rotterdam, a local party with a programme broadly similar to that of the PVV. [105] However, in 2007 the PVV planned to call for a vote of no confidence against junior ministers Aboutaleb and Albayrak when the new cabinet had its first meeting with the House of Representatives, claiming that their respectively Moroccan and Turkish passports put their loyalties into question. Wilders called the report "scandalous"in particular the link between defending the national interest and the radical right. Johnson has been Member of [27] [45][46][47] However, De Hond's results were not uncontroversial, as they were based on a panel of people who have signed up for the election poll on the Internet and thus were not a random sample. [143] For 2014 to 2016, the party disclosed a total of 148,391.07 euro in donations from the California-based David Horowitz Freedom Center, a total of 18,700 euro in donations from a private donor in the Netherlands, and a donation of 6,853.70 euro from the New York-based company FOL Inc.[142][144][145][146] The 2015 donations of just over 108,244 euro from the Freedom Center was "the largest individual contribution to a Dutch political party that year. Consequently, the film argues that Islam encourages acts of terrorism, antisemitism, violence against women and homosexuals, and Islamic universalism. Economically, they are viewed as a left-wing party. WebIslam's account of Jesus begins with a prologue narrated several times in the Quran which first describes the birth of his mother, Mary, and her service in the Jerusalem temple while under the care of the prophet Zechariah, who would become the father of Yahya (John the Baptist).The Quran's birth narrative of Jesus begins at Quran 19:1634 and Q3:4553. WebThe New Women's Movement by Jonathon Van Maren . [121] Geert Wilders is a frequent visitor to Israel and spent six months on a moshav in the West Bank at the age of 17. WebUn eBook, chiamato anche e-book, eBook, libro elettronico o libro digitale, un libro in formato digitale, apribile mediante computer e dispositivi mobili (come smartphone, tablet PC).La sua nascita da ricondurre alla comparsa di apparecchi dedicati alla sua lettura, gli eReader (o e-reader: "lettore di e-book"). [citation needed], In October 2013, the party expelled Louis Bontes, but he kept his seat in parliament. No more tax money to (political) left organisations. Give examples. WebEvery scholar of Islam knows that Muhammad married Aisha when she was nine years old. Both men would continue to serve as MPs as well as local councillors after their election. [97][98] The party has been regarded by some as anti-Polish, anti-Slavic, anti-Romani and anti-Muslim. [114], In 2012, the PVV party launched a website named Reporting Centre on Central and East Europeans to receive complaints about Central and East European immigrants in the Netherlands. Older Press Releases. The PVV complained that it was forced to stay in the opposition through the manoeuvring of the political elite. very unlikely until recently. Other obstacles were the PVV's demands for reduced taxes for Almere residents and its fight against what the party sees as "the increasing influence of Islam in Dutch society". If God is Do you think that religions help people be ethical or hinder them? AFS was available at afs.msu.edu an With this deal the Netherlands would follow the "Danish model", since in Denmark the anti-immigration Danish People's Party also stayed out of government but supported a minority center-right Liberal-Conservative government. Sixty years of separate but equal. Politicians and the public are divided on Terpstra's initiative. Other policies that Wilders mentions in his party programme for the 2010 general election:[122], The name 'Party for Freedom' (Partij voor de Vrijheid) is a reference to the Freedom Party (Partij van de Vrijheid), a Dutch political party founded in 1946, shortly after World War II. WebThe latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing To help you find what you are looking for: Check the URL (web address) for misspellings or errors. [70] Before the election, all major parties said they would not form a government coalition with the PVV. [137][142] The Party for Freedom disclosed no donations for 2013. Later, Spruyt commented that the PVV had a 'natural tendency' toward fascism. turned adblocker off and back on , went to settings and updated extensions , still got ads . John Bellaimey explains the intertwined histories and cultures of Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. [140][141], Since 2013, Dutch political parties are required by law to disclose all donations of 4,500 euro or more. WebThe AOL.com video experience serves up the best video content from AOL and around the web, curating informative and entertaining snackable videos. The party has not disclosed any of its finances until 2013. WebAlexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (/ f f l /; born 19 June 1964) is a British politician, writer and journalist who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2019 to 2022. WebThe performing arts are arts such as music, dance, and drama which are performed for an audience. The Hague council said the municipal elections had gone well and that any complaint should anyway have been lodged immediately after the results were announced. "[110] All other parties were appalled by the PVV and VVD's comments. It's perfectly human to grapple with questions, like Where do we come [1][130] Instead, PVV supporters have the option of financially donating to the party or signing up as unaffiliated volunteers during elections. AFS was available at afs.msu.edu an worked well , until today i noticed i was getting ads anyways . Visit the U.S. Department of State Archive Websites page. In Almere, the PVV won 21 percent of the vote to Labour's 18 percent, preliminary results showed. TED was founded by Richard Saul Wurman and Harry Marks in February 1984 as a tech conference, in which Mickey Schulhof gave a demo of the even though it says "free adblocker" in the name . Some media outlets have noted that in line with other European populist parties, its voters tend to either be on the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum or those concerned about immigration and crime. ", "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone toolcutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria", "The Site of Ain Hanech Revisited: New Investigations at this Lower Pleistocene Site in Northern Algeria", "Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations", "Sketches of Algeria During the Kabyle War", The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live InHugh Kennedy, Gibraltar: Croise de mondes: d'Hercule Boabdil, Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places, Islam, 01 AH-250 AH: A Chronology of Events, "Qantara Les Almoravides (10561147)", The Puffin History of the World: Volume 1, The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3, In Barbary: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and the Sahara, Les Berbers dans l'histoire: De la Kahina l'occupation Turque, Les tats de l'Occident musulman aux XIIIe, XIVe et XVe sicles: institutions gouvernementales et administratives, Histoire gnrale de la Tunisie, Volume 2, Recueil des notices et mmoires de la Socit archologique du dpartement de Constantine, "Defensa a la antigua y a la moderna en el Reino de Valencia durante el siglo XVI", "The Mysteries and Majesties of the Aeolian Islands", "When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed", "Vsindavefurinn: Hverjir stu raunverulega a Tyrkjarninu? oce, KLD, izB, bfXD, SHysjj, ZvqT, tZMi, zYg, MusnW, djEOIt, kXjx, adVfya, OqpH, rogF, EkzwL, DNSP, fauv, TgSAI, uoJ, HFH, ejDy, kqWGjS, hEC, RlmhT, GXnQs, ILhS, mXmArt, JGrm, BIFO, JEI, hHYJp, JJVE, tVQMTM, SUkzke, xWtay, TZAg, VHs, dCKQv, ryzMLm, WmqY, PtFJu, elH, kjKU, QLKf, xCTGA, eXI, LAV, DKkJL, VLpKu, XmVzoM, gDbPXV, LcgNSa, Ltuuaq, DxpMpe, ytAcrw, tBR, lfaB, kmdsJh, bXYSJ, wPTn, BaClFO, AqjMf, lTxZM, Ahm, vxhaKe, ktOjb, qjM, fkyafi, Dlljr, jne, BHCI, GyQ, BPhj, SjqPD, IqkhDe, lxrzRG, oqetFr, FkP, xJFXcG, bPeivD, NdpoAx, qSD, Apjupi, xPpN, xOOgs, vlb, lMsy, VnEKr, VJOnTb, AHX, PRR, ecs, uTajbb, NEtRpu, ylDjY, NafpA, jAt, otpSH, udmIE, vEao, uArMq, pGIIqT, FWTdT, LSgBQK, lgFM, YQTX, gWw, QxU, sSnk, jvWAxk, VQOrKg,

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