Mater. Phys. Acta 93, 307313 (2013), S. Keshri, A. Kumar, D. Kabiraj, Thin Solid Films 526, 5058 (2012), V. Madhavi, P. Kondaiah, O.M. 95, 273280. Acta 282, 251264. Since, the tungsten metal has several oxidation numbers, tungsten oxide forms different compounds such as W 3 O, WO 2, WO 2.72, WO 2.9, WO 2.96 and WO 3 . Li et al. Low threshold field electron emission from solvothermally synthesized WO2.72 nanowires. Chem Commun (Camb). doi: 10.1039/C4NR01033G, Lee, K., Seo, W. S., and Park, J. T. (2003). Part of Springer Nature. 53, 67446747. Electron. Nanoscale 8, 88268838. Actuators B Chem. This may take some time to load. 1. Huang, J. Phys. 6, 169177. -H. (2018). Synthesis of tungsten oxide tapered needles with nanotips. Nanomed. Chem. Nano Micro Lett. Ed. Solar Energy Mater. In a study 18, application of the tungsten oxide based nanofilm for the detection of ethanol, NO 3 and NO 2 in gas phase up to 1000 ppm, 10 ppm and 3 ppm respectively, in a wide temperature. 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. C 121, 6069. Interfaces 7, 1364513652. Non-stoichiometric MoO3x quantum dots as a light-harvesting material for interfacial water evaporation. (2017) prepared WO2.72 nanoparticles using WCl6 and ethanol with NH3 solution as a solvent, which was pyrolyzed under air atmosphere. Chem. Actuat. 17, 384391. Gan, Y. Wang, S.J. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information The Tauc band gap determined to be the energy where the absorption coefficient starts to deviate from the exponential (red line in . Length and diameter control of ultrathin nanowires of substoichiometric tungsten oxide with insights into the growth mechanism. It offers many advantages such as a one-step synthetic procedure, environmental friendliness, production feasibility, good dispersion in solutions, and inexpensive instrumentation. PMC 25, 13841391. (2008). Controlled growth and characterization of tungsten oxide nanowires using thermal evaporation of WO3 powder. 125, 34083409. Then, we address the nature of defects and dopants in bulk WO3. In the ZA, ZAZ, HA, and HAH structures, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) may have a larger band gap than zirconium oxide (ZrO 2) and hafnium oxide (HfO 2). Wang et al., J. Lethy, D. Beena, R. Vinod Kumar et al., Appl. Among the various WOxs, WO2.72 has attracted the most interest because it offers the highest oxygen deficiencies. Figure 2 demonstrates different morphologies of WO2.72 with the function of reaction time. A 1, 61256129. (2015). Tungsten oxide-based nanomaterials: morphological-control, properties, and novel applications. 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Absorption and electrochromic modulation of near-infrared light: realized by tungsten suboxide. CAS 25, 260263 (2011), Y.S. Series of MxWO3/ZnO (M= K, Rb, NH4) nanocomposites: combination of energy saving and environmental decontamination functions. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of ultrasmall W18O49 nanoparticles and studies of their photocatalytic activity towards degradation of methylene blue. Epub 2016 Apr 14. Alloys Compd. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in According to NPL 1, such gallium oxide has a band gap that may be controlled by forming mixed crystal with indium or aluminum singly or in combination and such a . Amongst the various visible-light responsive candidates, tungsten oxides (WO X, X 3) have attracted much attention due to their diversely tunable stoichiometries and structures, suitable band gaps, chemical stability and Earth-abundance. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.034, Venables, D. S., and Brown, M. E. (1996). Only disordered nanoparticles were formed at a low temperature (120C) even when sufficient WCl6 was provided. An aq.-based approach to the deposition of gallium tungsten oxide thin film dielecs. prepared WO3 nanorod/sulfonated reduced graphene oxides (WO3/S-rGO), which showed fast response recovery characteristics at all concentrations of NO2 gas, indicating its good response and recovery properties for sensor applications. -Q., Wang, Z., Li, R., He, Y., and Wang, Y. doi: 10.1002/adma.201204616, Ding, D., Huang, W., Song, C., Yan, M., Guo, C., and Liu, S. (2017). Sorrell, Electrochim. J. Hydrog. Despite the admixture of brookite phase, pure TiO 2 and both cluster-containing materials demonstrates typical for anatase band gap value of 3.2 eV . based membranes on silicone floaters for efficient and fast solar-driven interfacial evaporation under one sun. Mater. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201203317, Song, K., Xiao, F., Zhang, L., Yue, F., Liang, X., Wang, J., et al. Fabrication of one-dimensional W18O49 nanomaterial for the near infrared shielding. 132, 1535115358. It was then annealed at 800 C in an N2 atmosphere for 1 h. Cs0.33WO3, Rb0.33WO3 resulted in strong and broad NIR absorption peaking at approximately 1,500 nm. Detection of volatile organic compounds using flexible gas sensing devices based on tungsten oxide nanostructures functionalized with Au and Pt nanoparticles. 2017 Mar 28;33(12):3014-3017. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04181. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan 188, 17. Eng. Despite the importance of tungsten oxide in various areas of materials science including catalysis and photocatalysis, relatively few systematic theoretical studies have been devoted to this system. The CZTS absorber exhibits several advantages such as direct energy band gap in the range from 1.4 to 1.6 eV, large light absorption coefficient (>10 4 cm 1), economical fabrication process, and high stability, which facilitate it as a very reliable candidate of the TFSC for the commercial production. WO3 and its hybrid are widely explored for gas sensors and the properties of WO2.72 have recently gained attention. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2018.01.024, Huang, Z. Chen, C. -J., and Chen, D. -H. (2013). It was found that urchin-like products performed the best. The nanostructured tungsten oxide lm, with an approxi-mate thickness of 5.0 m, was obtained by depositing a carbox-WO 3 mixture onto a conducting glass substrate 15 to 20 per square . J. Here, we focus on the use of WO3x-based electrocatalysts in fuel cells. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Full-spectrum solar-to-heat conversion membrane with interfacial plasmonic heating ability for high-efficiency desalination of seawater. . J. Phys. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in . SN contributed to writing the manuscript. In addition, single-electron reduction of oxygen under UV irradiation is now achievable with WO3. Because ammonia molecules tend to chelate strongly with tungsten ions, they could work as capping agents to hinder particle growth. . The redox properties of WO3 are discussed also in relation to H2 adsorption on the WO3(001) surface. doi: 10.1039/C4TA06262K, Zhang, Z., Jiang, X., Liu, B., Guo, L., Lu, N., Wang, L., et al. Williams, R.A. Cox, L. Jones, Sens. Mohamed, H.A. J. Adv. 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Sci. developed WO2.72 nanorods coated on a quartz glass. doi: 10.1039/C8EN00156A, Wang, S., He, Y., Zou, J., Cao, P., Jiang, Y., Huang, B., et al. B 406(4), 831835 (2011), A. Kaushal, D. Kaur, J. Nanopart. Epub 2012 Sep 25. (2014a). proposed a tungsten (W) complex with neighboring layers when used as an active device component Schiff base as a thermally activated delayed fluores- leading to high operational current and Joule heating. Growth and Characterization of Tungsten Oxide Thin Films using the Reactive Magnetron Sputtering System. (2013). Chem. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, P.P. Schropp, Mater. (2017). Alexander, A. Braun, R. Jurczakowski, G. Fortunato, M. Stiefel, T. Graule, J. Augustynski, Electrochim. 7, 26062614. Highly efficient near infrared photothermal conversion properties of reduced tungsten oxide/polyurethane nanocomposites. doi: 10.1143/JPSJS.81SB.SB028, Pihosh, Y., Turkevych, I., Mawatari, K., Uemura, J., Kazoe, Y., Kosar, S., et al. Here, we analyze an Al/insulator/Cu cell in which the metal electrodes-collectors were separated by a gap that was alternatively filled . 3D WO2.72 networks were obtained by solvothermally treating WCl6 in ethanol at 160C (Bai et al., 2013). J. To measure optical band gap (E g), the Tauc plot was used. The Cu/W ratio of the film is varied by changing the discharge voltage and current supplied to the Cu cathode (without changing the voltage at the W cathode). Effective suppression of recombination of photo-generated e-h pairs by co-catalyst. The band-gap energy tuning of WO3 quantum dots was realized in the range of 2.6 eV (bulk) to 3.7 eV (sub-nano) by precise size control around one nanometer. Five photochemical uses of solar energy for WOx and MxWO3 materials are discussed as follows. The band gap of intrinsic Ga 2 O 3 is 4.56 (0.01) eV, which is in good agreement with that reported in the literature. J. Hydrophobic Cu12Sb4S13-deposited photothermal film for interfacial water evaporation and thermal antibacterial activity. Adv. Sens. -F., Song, J., Pan, L., Zhang, X., Wang, L., and Zou, J. 50, 1095910962. 6, 4853748542. J. Nanomed. The control variables can be varied by adjusting the solvent type, changing the reaction atmosphere, and using different surfactants, pH, reactant concentration, and filled volume of autoclave. 2012 Feb 7;28(5):2890-6. doi: 10.1021/la203730a. CsxWO3/ZnO composite films were found to be highly efficient for heat insulation because of the excellent NIR shielding properties of CsxWO3 (Wu et al., 2015). Structure and field-emission properties of W/WO2.72 heterostructures fabricated by vapor deposition. For the preparation of Cs0.33WO3, the precursor Cs2WO4, WO2, WO3, and distilled water were mixed and heated at 800C for 24 h (Okusako et al., 2012). 87, 54515456. doi: 10.1039/C5TC01411E, Zhang, L., Tang, B., Wu, J., Li, R., and Wang, P. (2015a). (2013a) reported the synthesis of K0.26WO3 nanowires by an electrostatic-induced process using K2WO4 as a precursor along with ethylenediamine (EDA) and water. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.089, Hua, Z., Li, B., Li, L., Yin, X., Chen, K., and Wang, W. (2017). Sci. 786, 4049. Sci. Phys. Commun., 2013,49, 8477 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Simple fabrication of flexible electrodes with high metal-oxide content: electrospun reduced tungsten oxide/carbon nanofibers for lithium ion battery applications. Borisenko, J. Appl. Reproduced with permission (Su and Lin, 2009). Environ. (2015b). A Eur. The photocatalytic performance was considerably enhanced because of the extended optical absorption in the entire UV-visible-NIR region, efficient separation of electron and hole pairs (e-/h+), and a synergetic effect between RbxWO3 and Ag3VO4 (Chala et al., 2018b). Phase-Transition induced conversion into a photothermal material: quasi-metallic WO2.9 Nanorods for solar water evaporation and anticancer photothermal therapy. In addition, it offers mild reaction conditions, minimal equipment requirements, a high conversion rate, and high selectivity. Yoon et al. Front. Preparation of highly selective, sensitive and stable hydrogen sensors based on Pd-doped tungsten trioxide. Mater. New J. Chem. J. Taiwan Inst. (2016). doi: 10.1021/ic300049j, Guo, C., Yin, S., Zhang, P., Yan, M., Adachi, K., Chonan, T., et al. Charge transfers at the (WO3)3/TiO2 interface and their role on the activity of this heterogeneous catalyst are discussed. Full-spectrum solar-light-activated photocatalysts for lightchemical energy conversion. Metals Hard Mater. A chelator-free multifunctional [64Cu]CuS nanoparticle platform for simultaneous micro-PET/CT Imaging and photothermal ablation therapy. (B) Time dependence of the temperature in the box. Here, a higher temperature variation was obtained by irradiating NIR light in an on-off sequence on WO2.72/PVDF fiber membranes. Photocurrents in the Hydrophobic light-to-heat conversion membranes with self-healing ability for interfacial solar heating. 20, 82278229. Fax: +81-45-566-1551 Semiconductor materials such as for WO3x and MxWO3 have been widely used in many fields of photocatalysis, including air purification, wastewater treatment, anti-virus sterilization, photolysis of hydrogen and oxygen production, nitrogen oxide fixation, and remediation of crude oil spills. A 91(4), 637649 (2008), J. Tauc, Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors, Chapter 4 (Plenum, London, 1974), Book (A) Schematic of water evaporation measurement with WO2.72/PLA fiber membrane floating on air-water interface, (B) temperature of WO2.72/PLA fiber membrane containing 0, 4, and 7 wt% WO2.72 nanoparticles floating on water, and (C) evaporation efficiency for WO2.72/PLA fiber membrane containing 0, 4, and 7 wt% WO2.72 nanoparticles. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted doi: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.3.731, Moshofsky, B., and Mokari, T. (2012). Lett. Synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) assisted tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles for L-dopa bio-sensing applications. Figure 2. In addition, single-electron reduction of oxygen under UV irradiation is now achiev Lett. doi: 10.1021/ja5041094, Ma, B., Huang, E., Wu, G., Dai, W., Guan, N., and Li, L. (2017). doi: 10.1039/c2ee03158b, Wang, H. -Q., Hu, P. -F., Zheng, Y., Zhao, Z., Zheng, B., Chang, J., et al. J. 1. 2022 Mar 2;7(10):8833-8839. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07147. Angew. (2017). Am. Considering their potential in harvesting solar energy and in heat conversion, various applications such as thermo/pyroelectricity, water evaporation, and NIR shielding are discussed. Chem. Tungsten oxide (WO 3) has been extensively studied for its potential use as an anode material in photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells;18 however, its band gap far exceeds 1.23 eV, the minimum energy per electron required for water oxidation at standard conditions, and a number of investigations have been focused on lowering the band . 25, 20952100. Int. 229231, 27332736. (2016). 56 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Photothermal Conversion Materials and their Properties, Preparation of Tungsten-oxide-based Materials, Applications of Tungsten-oxide-based Materials, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. Mater. Both WO2.72 and PANI displayed multiple color changes and they operated electrochemically with a widened potential window. 13, 1106011066. Technol. Preparation of oxygen-deficient WO3x nanosheets and their characterization as anode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries. Facile fabrication of high-efficiency near-infrared absorption film with tungsten bronze nanoparticle dense layer. Pujol, Procedia Eng. Actuators B Chem. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.12.035, Boudiba, A., Zhang, C., Navio, C., Bittencourt, C., Snyders, R., and Debliquy, M. (2010). doi: 10.1002/wnan.1449, Rout, C. S., Hegde, M., and Rao, C. N. R. (2008). Upto ten times increase in the photocurrent value at low bias voltages. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission To this end, PTM WO2.72 incorporated within an electrospun pyroelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) fiber membrane were prepared. Ordered mesoporous WO3x showed high electrical conductivity of 1.76 S cm1 and highly interconnected ordered pores with a large surface area, making them suitable for use in electrode materials of supercapacitors (Zhou et al., 2013). Gonzlez-Borrero, F. Sato, A.N. Adv. doi: 10.1016/j.physe.2013.05.017, Liu, Y., Chen, J., Guo, D., Cao, M., and Jiang, L. (2015). Gianfranco Pacchioni. Effect of annealing on microstructure and NO2-sensing properties of tungsten oxide nanowires synthesized by solvothermal method. Soc. In general, the temperature of the furnace was increased from the room temperature to 8001000C. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. It was found that nanowires remain unchanged by the annealing treatment at 250 and 350C. To that end, we have modulated the band gap of WO 3 thin films through mixing it with cadmium telluride (CdTe). On one hand, due to their high work function, n-type TMOs, such as molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), [11][12][13][14][15][16] tungsten oxide (WO x ), 17, 18 and vanadium oxide (V 2 O x ), 19 can induce . doi: 10.1039/C7SC02967E, Chen, Z., Wang, Q., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Song, G., Song, L., et al. Lett. Bull. H2S sensors based on tungsten oxide nanostructures. Chem. (2018). (2014a) reported that flexible reduced tungsten oxidecarbon composite nanofiber (WOx-C-NF) films used as anode materials in LIB exhibited a high reversible capacity (481 mA h g1), stable cycle, and improved rate performance compared to WOx-C-nano and WOx-nano electrodes. 22, 343346. Solid State Chem. Shaposhnikov, V.N. El Nouby, A.M. Abosehly, Mater. Tungsten Oxide as Hole Contact for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells M. Mews, A. Lemaire, L. Korte Materials Science, Physics 2017 Reactively sputtered tungsten oxide (WOx) was investigated as hole contact on n-type crystalline silicon. Sanderson, R.A. Freshwater, K.F.E. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! (2016). 8600 Rockville Pike Tomi M, etka M, Chmela O, Grcia I, Figueras E, Can C, Vallejos S. Biosensors (Basel). C 80, 102109. motivated by a necessity of extending the optoelectronics applications of wo 3 over a wide spectral range for energy conversion and photovoltaic devices, we aim to achieve band gap modulation of wo 3 thin films by alloying with the narrow-band-gap ii-vi compound semiconductor cadmium telluride (cdte), which possesses an optimum band gap of 1.44 Plasmonic graphene polyurethane nanocomposites for efficient solar water desalination. AgIAg2S heterostructures for photothermal conversion and solar energy harvesting. In the studies on supercapacitors, WO3 has been shown to suffer from low electrical conductivity because of the presence of oxides (Liu et al., 2018). Dispersed and size-selected WO3 nanoparticles in carbon aerogel for supercapacitor applications. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02065.x, Tian, Q., Tang, M., Sun, Y., Zou, R., Chen, Z., Zhu, M., et al. To that end, we J. Phys. New route for the synthesis of tungsten oxide bronzes. -B., Yoo, P. J., Bark, C. W., and Park, J. An extruder PET preform is heated above its glass transition (Tg) point by IR irradiation so than it can be blown into the required shape. eCollection 2022 Mar 15. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b03435, Lou, J., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Zhao, D., Song, C., Wu, J., et al. Jung, Sens. Abd El Ghani, Phys. WOx can also reduce gases such as H2, CH4, COx (Stankova et al., 2005), and C2H5OH (Vallejos et al., 2015). Newly synthesized sub-nanoporous silicas act as excellent templates. Adv. A facile hydrothermal method to synthesize ammonium tungsten bronze nanoplatelets for nir absorption. These distinct properties of WO2.72 make it feasible for commercial applications such as steam generation, desalination, and sterilization. Ou P, Song F, Yang Y, Shao J, Hua Y, Yang S, Wang H, Luo Y, Liao J. ACS Omega. J. government site. Patil, A.K. These materials must be further explored for photocatalysis. The solvothermal method uses ethanol and ethylene glycol instead of water as a solvent to achieve the dual role of solvent and reducing agent. Graphene in mice: ultrahigh in vivo tumor uptake and efficient photothermal therapy. NH3 as a precursor that reacted at 550C for 1 h with H2/N2 or H2/Ar. These studies proved that WO3x is one of the most promising anode materials for LIB. synthesized WO2.72 urchin-like nanostructures and nanowires by treating WCl6 with ethanol under 180C for 10 h. WO2.72 nanowires were obtained when the precursor concentration was 0.5 g L1 and the reaction time was 10 h. Control of different morphologies by adjusting the concentration of precursor was discussed in this study. Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan [1] High-performance photothermal conversion of narrow-bandgap Ti2O3 nanoparticles. Res. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Growth of K0.4WO3 whiskers via a pressure-relief-assisted hydrothermal process. MeSH Hussain, S. Uthanna, ISRN optics, Article ID: 801468 (2012), S.H. ACS Appl. It was revealed that the HTB phase M0.33WO3 was quite suitable for solar filter applications because of its strong absorption in the NIR range. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Band-gap expansion of tungsten oxidequantum dots synthesized in sub-nano porous silica Hiroto Watanabe,ab Kenji Fujikata,b Yuya Oaki b and Hiroaki Imai *b Author affiliations Abstract The band-gap energy tuning of WO 3 quantum dots was realized in the range of 2.6 eV (bulk) to 3.7 eV (sub-nano) by precise size control around one nanometer. These have been widely studied for supercapacitor electrodes, lithium ion batteries (LIB), and fuel cells. Epub 2012 Jan 24. doi: 10.1039/c2nr30612c, Guo, C., Yin, S., Huang, L., and Sato, T. (2011a). Alloys Compd. 7, 3788737897. Flower-like WO3/CoWO4/Co nanostructures as high performance anode for lithium ion batteries. 3.0 eV, and thus is a promising material for water oxidation application (Wang et al., 2012; Yan et al., 2015). The hybrids of WO3 (i.e., WO3/CoWO4/Co composites used as anode materials) have superior cycling performance as compared to that of WO3 particles. -J., et al. Google Scholar, W. Smith, Z.-Y. Mater. A Possible 2D HxWO3 Superconductor with a T c of 120 K. J. Superconduct. 30:1705221. doi: 10.1002/adma.201705221, Zhao, Y., Tang, Q., Yang, P., and He, B. Mesoporous three-dimensional graphene networks for highly efficient solar desalination under 1 sun illumination. ACS Appl. 24, 97699772. 27, 15801586. To include multifunctionality in a single-component material, multilayered materials offer researchers the opportunity to design more practical solutions, as demonstrated in our recent work. Surf. Tungsten oxide (WO 3) is a key material in several important applications which range from smart windows technology to dye-sensitized solar cells, from sensors to photoelectrochemical water splitting, from high T c superconductivity to heterogeneous catalysis, etc. Kashyout, M.S. Am. E-mail: Improved photocurrent onset potential of tungsten oxide for photoanode application. Phys. (2017). Simple approaches to quality large-scale tungsten oxide nanoneedles. Mater. A low-toxic multifunctional nanoplatform based on Cu9S5@mSiO2 core-shell nanocomposites: combining photothermal- and chemotherapies with infrared thermal imaging for cancer treatment. Chem. 183, 24562460. Chem. Mech. Growth 249, 594599. Inorg. Excellent heat-insulating performance was realized even after the WO2.72 nanorods on a quartz glass were irradiated for 1 h, when the inner temperature was increased to only 26.2 C, which was much lower than the temperatures reached using the quartz glass and indiumtin oxide glass (Figure 5) (Guo et al., 2012c). Highly sensitive and rapidly responding room-temperature NO2 gas sensors based on WO3 nanorods/sulfonated graphene nanocomposites. Preparation and near-infrared photothermal conversion property of cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles. . Technol. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b19584, Kim, Y. S., Ha, S. -C., Kim, K., Yang, H., Choi, S. -Y., Kim, Y. T., et al. band gap materials, which cause serious mismatches across Chan et al. However, Ar was used as the central gas along with a small amount of H2 to provide the reducing environment required for the synthesis of MxWO3. Correspondence to 583, 465470 (2014), Viacheslav Khatko, Stella Vallejos, Sens. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 10, 33183323. A 1, 1012010129. 62, 102 (2000), I.M. On the whole, presence of oxygen in the chamber during sputtering improved properties of WO3 thin films. The reaction has many advantages. Lee et al. Xi reported that WO2.72 may also enable efficient reduction of CO2 to obtain CH4 (Xi et al., 2012). . (2013b). Actuat. Sources 244, 777782. Int. Rep. 5:11141. doi: 10.1038/srep11141, Qin, Y., Li, X., Wang, F., and Hu, M. (2011a). Nano Res. The Fabrication of mesoporous 1D-WO2.72 nanobelts was conducted using a solvothermal method mixed with WO3, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and EDA at 180C for 12 h, calcined at Ar/H2 atmosphere at 580C for 3 h (Sun et al., 2016). Moshfegh, Int. Self-floating carbon nanotube membrane on macroporous silica substrate for highly efficient solar-driven interfacial water evaporation. Vacuum Sci. As the concentration of W(EtO)6 was increased to 50 mM, well-defined monodispersed microspheres of 0.52 m diameter were formed. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.05.100, Qin, Y., Shen, W., Li, X., and Hu, M. (2011b). Abstract Tungsten oxide (WO 3) has received ever more attention and has been highly researched over the last decade due to its being a low-cost transition metal semiconductor with tunable, yet widely stable, band gaps. Szilagy, VII International Workshop on Semiconductor Gas Sensors (Kracow, Poland, 2010), V. Khatko, S. Vallejos, J. Calderer, I. Gracia, C. Cane, E. Llobet, X. Correig, Sens. Mater. You do not have JavaScript enabled. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2010.02.002, Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Li, H., Wang, H., and Ma, T. (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2007.07.013. The morphology can be fine-tuned by controlling variables such as time, precursor concentration, and temperature. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.131, Wang, J., Li, Y., Deng, L., Wei, N., Weng, Y., Dong, S., et al. J. Nanomater. doi: 10.1002/chem.201801654, Yan, C., Tian, Q., and Yang, S. (2017). Tel: +81-45-566-1556. Reactive gases are used as main constituents to form a plasma flame for synthesis of nano-sized materials. Inorg. 13(6), 24852496 (2011), K.J. Polyaniline-based photothermal paper sensor for sensitive and selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. (2010) in which a powder mixture containing a precursor of (NH4)10(H2W12O42). An official website of the United States government. Alloys Compd. 9:e1449. J. Phys. The thin films are synthesized by the magnetron cosputtering method. Plasmonic near-touching titanium oxide nanoparticles to realize solar energy harvesting and effective local heating. -F., Song, J., Pan, L., Lv, F., Wang, Q., Zou, J. DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110610 Corpus ID: 229487234; Band-gap engineering of tungsten oxide nanoplates by cobalt ferrite co-catalyst for solar water oxidation @article{Chatterjee2020BandgapEO, title={Band-gap engineering of tungsten oxide nanoplates by cobalt ferrite co-catalyst for solar water oxidation}, author={Piyali Chatterjee and Amit K. Chakraborty}, journal={Optical Materials}, year . Res. Sung Soo Park *. They are discussed in more detail as follows. To control the water releasing process, which is based on an esterification reaction between ethanol and acetate acid, monodispersed nanorods of MxWO3 (M = Cs and Rb) were produced (Guo et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2017b). 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