1 "Material relationship" meaning: UBS accounting for more than 2% of the sales or purchases of products and/or services for him or her or for a company with which he or she is affiliated. He demonstrated exceptional leadership in monetary policy and as a top regulator, including during the years of the global financial crisis. As required by the Swiss Code of Obligations, the BoD submits its proposals for shareholder vote at the Annual General Meeting (the AGM). Our Audit Committee is responsible for the compensation, retention and oversight of independent auditors. Short URL: Starting as an Member FINRA. Um dies zu verhindern, mssen Cookies aktiviert werden. Notice for Non-U.S. Investors. Global Markets, Wealth Management, Private Banking and Securities Services, Group Technology and Operations Engineering, Standard Chartered Bank, UBS E-banking and online services Switzerland, Masters degree, business econometrics and operations research, Tilburg University, Member of the Board of the Swiss-American Chamber of Commerce, Member of the Institut International dEtudes Bancaires, Member of the World Economic Forum International Business Council, Governor of the Financial Services/Banking Community of the World Economic Forum, Member of the International Advisory Panel, Monetary Authority of Singapore, Masters degree, mathematics and informatics, and doctorate, mathematics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chairman of the Board of Christian Bluhm Photography AG, Member of the Board of UBS Switzerland AG, Member of the Foundation Board of the UBS Pension Fund, Member of the Foundation Board International Financial Risk Institute, Masters degree, politics, philosophy and economics, St. Johns College, Oxford University, Member of the Board of Directors of Done Next Holdings AG, Member of the Board of UBS Business Solutions AG, Member of the Board of Trustees of the Inter-Community School Zurich, Member of the Board of Governors of the International Baccalaureate, Bachelors degree, physics and mathematics, Denison University, Ohio, MBA, Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, Chairman of the Board of Directors of UBS Asset Management AG, Chair of the Board of UBS Optimus Foundation, Member of the Leadership Council of the Bob Woodruff Foundation, Bachelors degree, economics, Princeton University, Masters degree, business administration, Stanford University Graduate School of Business, Member of the Board of UBS Americas Holding LLC, Bachelors degree, economics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, MBA, finance and statistics, University of Chicagos Booth School of Business, Member of the Board of UBS Americas HoldingLLC, Member of the Board of UBS Optimus Foundation, Trustee of the UBS Americas Inc. She has been pivotal in driving business alignment, and digital and cultural transformation, while also facilitating business growth as President UBS EMEA. History. Robert Karofsky was appointed Co-President of the Investment Bank in 2018. Group Chief Risk Officer of UBS Group AG and Chief Risk Officer of UBS AG, Spokesman of the Executive Board, FMS Wertmanagement, Chief Risk & Financial Officer, FMS Wertmanagement, Managing Director, Credit Risk Management (Switzerland and Private Banking worldwide), Credit Suisse, Head Credit Risk Management Analytics & Instruments, Credit Suisse, Head of Credit Portfolio Management, Credit Suisse, Head Structured Finance Analytics, Group Credit Portfolio Management, Hypovereinsbank, Group Chief Digital and Information Officer, Nationality:British |Year of birth:1977. You are free to change your cookies' settings in the privacy settings. From stock market news to jobs and real estate, it can all be found here. Wir geben Ihnen alle Informationen, um die besten Investitionsentscheidungen zu Brsenindizes, Rohstoffen, Devisen, Kryptowhrungen und vielem mehr treffen zu knnen. Group General Counsel for UBS Group AG and UBS AG, Chief Legal Officer & External Affairs, Rio Tinto Group, Group Legal Head, M&A and Strategic Transactions, Novartis, Global General Counsel, Sandoz International GmbH, Novartis, Global Legal Head, Product Strategy & Commercialization, Novartis, Global Legal Head, TechOps, Primary Care and Established Medicines, Novartis, Head of Legal & Compliance, Region Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and African Countries, Region Group Emerging Markets, Novartis, Group Chief Compliance and Governance Officer. UBS published its third-quarter results on 25 October. Temporary Mail Service Disruptions to Certain Countries Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. It subsequently played a large part in developing Germany's financial services industry, as its business model focused on providing finance to industrial customers. We fully support transparency, and consistent and informative disclosure. The Chairman, the Audit Committee and the Risk Committee of the BoD are regularly informed of such issues. Your financial advisor will let you know if this is the case and, if you desire advisory services, will be happy to refer you to another financial advisor who can help you. Copying, editing, modifying, distributing, sharing, linking or any other use (whether for commercial purposes or otherwise) of this material, other than personal viewing, without UBS's prior written permission is strictly prohibited. He developed an ambitious sustainability strategy for the group to lead the industry in health, safety and environmental performance. She also has in-depth finance expertise and experience across a wide range of finance, investment, and banking businesses. Swissquote besitzt keine Erlaubnis der Bundesanstalt fr Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) um in Deutschland fr Bankgeschfte oder Finanzdienstleistungen zu werben. For more information on third party rating methodologies, please visitubs.com/us/en/designation-disclosures.html. Loan Disclosure Statement. Prior to that, she held the position of CFO at DBS Bank. Ralph Hamers has been Group CEO of UBS Group AG and President of the Executive Board of UBS AG since November 2020. A Legacy strategy can help you gain more control over your financial future and what you leave behind, so you can move forward with confidence.Learn more at ubs.com/wealthway. BrokerCheck processes to define strategy and risk appetite, as well as the overall adherence to the approved strategy; risk management, including whether risks are appropriately identified and managed; internal controls, specifically whether they are commensurate with the risks taken; processes to comply with legal and regulatory requirements, internal policies, and the Groups constitutional documents and contracts. For more information, please review the PDF document atubs.com/relationshipsummary.UBS Financial Services Inc. does not provide tax or legal advice. 6 "Qualified holding" means a direct or indirect participation in UBS Group AG or UBS AG with at least 10% of the capital or voting rights. https://www.ubs.com/ch-mb0093-en. Provide specific products and services to you, such as portfolio management or data aggregation. Looking To Improve Your Website's Search Engine Optimization? Investment advisory services and brokerage services are separate and distinct, differ in material ways and are governed by different laws and separate arrangements. Iqbal Khan has been President Global Wealth Management since October 2022 and President UBS EMEA since February 2021. You are free to change your cookies' settings in the privacy settings. All on FoxSports.com. Christian Bluhm has been Group Chief Risk Officer since 2016. Before joining UBS, he acquired know-how in investment banking as an analyst and trader, working for various financial institutions such as Morgan Stanley, Deutsche Bank, and AllianceBernstein. In compliance with the June 24, 2020 guidance of the SECs Division of Trading and Markets and Division of Investment Management, UBS Financial Services Inc. has taken the following steps to deliver regulatory-required documents to client households with mailing addresses in countries (134 KB), Please see Annual Report 2021 on information policy, UBS E-banking and online services Switzerland. He then became Global Head of Equities at UBS, responsible for driving UBSs growth strategy for equities globally. During a 16-year career with JPMorgan, Ms. Wong helped build up its Asia and emerging markets business. Jeremy Anderson is a financial services veteran, with more than 30 years experience working in the banking and insurance sector in an advisory capacity, covering a broad range of topics, including strategy, audit and risk management, technology-enabled transformation, mergers, and bank restructuring. Short URL: Diese Website kann Informationen insbesondere ber Finanzdienstleistungen und -produkte enthalten, welche von der BaFin als ein auf Deutschland zielgerichtetes Angebot von Bankgeschften und Finanzdienstleistungen betrachtet werden knnen. Ms. Bckstiegel brings a wealth of know-how in a highly regulated sector. Governor of the Chinese International School in Hong Kong SAR, Co-Chairman of the Nature Conservancy Asia Pacific Council, Member of the Board of Trustees, the Institute for Advanced Study. Our mission is to provide quality strategies customized to your needs. 2023 will be a year of inflections as investors try to identify the turning points for inflation, interest rates, growth, and financial markets against a complex geopolitical backdrop. Wealth management services in the United States are provided by UBS Financial Services Inc., a registered broker-dealer offering securities, trading, brokerage and related products and services. This reporting structure is shown in the following table: Audit is an integral part of corporate governance. UBS (UBS) Headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, UBS Group AG is the holding company of UBS Group. transparency that enhances the understanding of economic drivers and builds trust and credibility; consistency within each reporting period and between reporting periods; simplicity that allows readers to gain a good understanding of the performance of our businesses; relevance, by focusing not only on what is required by regulation or statute but also on what is relevant to our stakeholders; and. What did they say and where are we headed with inflation and prospects of a recession? The company was founded in Lucerne, Switzerland in 1874, by Robert Schindler and Eduard Villiger, who established the collective joint partnership Schindler & Villiger. From 2019 until September 2022, he was Co-President Global Wealth Management. UBS client services are known for their strict bankclient confidentiality and NYSE standards require shareholder approval for the establishing of and material revisions to all equity compensation plans. Advertisement. Unless we separately agree in writing, we do not monitor your brokerage account, and you make the ultimate decision regarding the purchase or sale of investments. Our goal is to be your primary source of financial advice. Before joining Firmenich, he held several positions in the legal and banking sectors, including working as an international investment banking analyst. GIA has unrestricted access to all accounts, books, records, systems, property and personnel, and must be provided with all information and data that it needs to fulfill its auditing responsibilities. Verify your identity, personalize the content you receive, or create and administer your account. Chairman of the Board of Directors of UBS Switzerland AG, Member of the Group Executive Board of UBS Group AG and President UBS Switzerland, Chief Credit Officer, Global Private and Corporate Banking, Credit Suisse, Head Credit Risk Management, Corporate Clients Switzerland, Credit Suisse, Chief of Staff to CEO, Private and Corporate Clients, Credit Suisse, Various senior front office roles in Corporate Clients in Switzerland and North America, Credit Suisse, Client Advisor Retail and Wealth Management, Cantonal Bank of St. Gallen, Non-executive member of the Board since 2018, Nationality:British |Year of birth:1958. 3 "Executive officer" meaning: president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, any officer in charge of a principal business unit, division or function, any other officer who performs a policy-making function. She joined UBS from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, where she was COO and First Vice President. However, under Swiss law all reports to shareholders, including those from the aforementioned committees, are provided to and approved by the BoD, which has ultimate responsibility to the shareholders. Under the leadership of the Chairman, the Board of Directors (BoD) decides on the strategy of the Group, upon recommendation by the Group CEO, exercises ultimate supervision over management and appoints all Group Executive Board (GEB) members. Get MLB news, scores, stats, standings & more for your favorite teams and players -- plus watch highlights and live games! Group Executive institutional banking business, DBS Bank, Singapore, Chief Administration Officer, DBS Bank, Singapore, Country Manager Singapore, JPMorgan Chase, Singapore, Various roles in Global Markets and Emerging Markets Sales and Trading business, Asia, JPMorgan Chase, Singapore, Manager, Private Banking, Citibank, Singapore, Manager, Corporate Banking, Paribas, Singapore. holds any other Board mandates that might infringe on his independence. DIY Seo Software From Locustware Is Exactly What You Need! Our agreements and disclosures will inform you about whether we and our financial advisors are acting in our capacity as an investment adviser or broker-dealer. As a general rule for a Board of Director (BoD) member to be considered independent, he or she may not have any material relationship1 with UBS2, either directly or as a partner, controlling shareholder or executive officer3 of a company that has a material relationship with UBS. (iii) design, operating effectiveness and sustainability of: Audit reports that include significant issues are provided to the Group CEO, relevant GEB members and other responsible management. Group Internal Audit (GIA) performs the internal auditing role for the Group. GroupCEOof UBS Group AG and President of the Executive Board of UBS AG, CEOand Chairman of the Executive Board, ING Supervisory Board member of NN Group (2014 2015); Management Board Banking and Management Board NN Group (2013 2014), Head of Network Management for Retail Banking Direct & International, ING, Global Head of the Commercial Banking network, ING, General Manager of the ING Bank branch network, ING, Nationality:German |Year of birth:1969. This website uses cookies to make sure you get the best experience on our website. Banking relationships in the ordinary course of business - wealth and asset management, private mortgages etc. Shareholder approval is only mandatory if equity-based compensation plans require an increase in capital. Let us show you how. While safeguarding their independence, the external auditors closely coordinate their work with Group Internal Audit (GIA). For needs that go beyond your ownto help you improve the lives of others. The products, services, information and/or materials contained within these web pages may not be available for residents of certain jurisdictions. The functions of Chairmanand Group CEO are assigned to two different people,leading to a separation of power. 4 "Immediate family member" meaning: spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares the director's home. You can find more information under the Privacy Statement. . In her previous role, Group COO, she oversaw global functions such as technology, operations, human resources and corporate services. You can find more information under the Privacy Statement. UBS Group AG; Credit Suisse Group AG; Domestically Systemically Important Banks. We provide regular information to our shareholders and to the financial community. In invested assets globallyAs of 06/30/2022, Products and services mentioned on these web pages may not be available for residents of certain nations. has received or has an immediate family member who has received during any twelve-month period within the last three years more than USD 120,000 in direct compensation from UBS (other than director and committee fees). Social wellbeing Through the UBS Optimus Foundation we drive impactful philanthropy that delivers real solutions for social needs. The latter also applies to UBS AGs internal audit function. Director and member of the Executive Committee of China Venture Capital and Private Equity Association Ltd. Chairperson of the Risk Committee since 2020, Member of the Corporate Culture and Responsibility Committee since 2020, Bachelor of Laws (LL.B. The ratings are based on quantitative factors and are not necessarily related to the quality of the investment advice. Sie diesen Hinweis gelesen und verstanden haben und dass Sie diese Website aus eigener Initiative besuchen und in keiner Weise von Swissquote angeworben wurden. CFP Board's Trademark Disclaimer. Please consult with your tax and legal advisors regarding your personal circumstances. This website uses cookies to make sure you get the best experience on our website. You are free to change your cookies' settings in the privacy settings. She and her husband Michael live north of Boston with their son. Compliance with NYSE listing standards on corporate governance. Unsere Systeme haben festgestellt, dass Sie einen Computer mit einer in Deutschland lokalisierten IP-Adresse benutzen. Criteria for defining external Board members' independence. You can find more information under the Privacy Statement. As Chief Digital Officer at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, she led the digital strategy and executed digital transformation of the wealth management business to improve client experience and financial advisor effectiveness and efficiency. GIA enhances the efficiency of its work through coordination and close cooperation with the external auditors. Wenn Sie auf "Fortfahren" klicken um diese Website besuchen zu knnen, besttigen Sie, dass Vodafone Group PLC: AirTouch Communications Inc: 60.29: 51.65: Completed: 10: 2004: Sanofi-Synthelabo SA UBS AG: 9.8: 6.6: Completed: 5: 2012: Investor Group: Ping An Insurance (Grp) Co the detailed ranking, and graphs, please login with your account (if you have no account yet, you can register for free). In compliance with the June 24, 2020 guidance of the SECs Division of Trading and Markets and Division of Investment Management, UBS Financial Services Inc. has taken the following steps to deliver regulatory-required documents to client households with mailing addresses in countries Please consult the sales restrictions relating to the products or services in question for further information. Markus Ronner has been Group Chief Compliance and Governance Officer since 2018. Chris started his financial services career in 2006 as a Marketing Associate for Maurice Bradshaw at Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. Nationality: American (US)|Year of birth: 1971. Please consult the sales restrictions relating to the products or services in question for further information. Erhalten Sie die neuesten Kursnotierungen, Charts und Wirtschaftsnachrichten im Finanzportal von Swissquote. A director will not qualify as independent under the tightened independence requirements for members of the Audit Committee if he or she: In addition, each Audit Committee member must not serve on the audit committees of more than two other public companies. Notice for Non-Puerto Rico Investor. President Personal & Corporate Banking and President UBS Switzerland, UBS Group AG, President of the Executive Board, UBS Switzerland AG, Group COO of UBS and President of the Executive Board, UBS Business Solutions AG, Head Private Clients Region Zurich, Credit Suisse, President Global Wealth Management and President UBS Europe, Middle East and Africa. During his time as CEO of ING, he steered the bank to profitability after the financial crisis and supported the firms digital transformation. Our solutions for independent financial advisors and wealth managers include research, infrastructure and a broad range of products and services. GIA supports the BoD in discharging its governance responsibilities by taking a dynamic approach to audit, issue assurance and risk assessment, calling attention to key risks in order to drive action to prevent unexpected loss or damage to the firms reputation. or his/her immediate family members and/or companies controlled. As a foreign company with shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE), UBS Group AG also complies with all relevant corporate governance standards applicable to foreign private issuers. Chris also holds his Series 7 and 63 licenses. See Board of Directors' Committee memberships, UBS E-banking and online services Switzerland, Chairperson of the Corporate Culture and Responsibility Committee since 2022, Chairperson of the Governance and Nominating Committee since 2022, Masters degree, modern history, Oxford University, Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Member of the Board of Norfolk Southern Corporation (chair of the risk and finance committee), Member of the Board of Directors of the Bretton Woods Committee, Member of the Board of the Swiss Finance Council, Member of the Board of Americans for Oxford, Member of the Oxford Chancellors Court of Benefactors, Member of the Advisory Council of the British Museum, Member of the International Advisory Council of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, Member of the European Financial Services Round Table, Member of the International Monetary Conference, Advanced Management Program, Harvard Business School, MBA program, International Bankers School, New York, Bachelors degree, business administration, University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of Pilatus Aircraft Ltd, Member of the Board of Directors of Ringier AG, Member of the Board of Directors of Opernhaus Zrich AG, Vice Chairman of the Swiss Bankers Association, Chairman of the Employers Association of Banks in Switzerland, Member of the Board of Directors of the Swiss Employers Association, Chairman of the Foundation Board of the UBS Pension Fund, Member of the Foundation Council of the UBS Center for Economics in Society, Member of the Governance and Nominating Committee since 2019, Chairperson of the Audit Committee since 2018, Bachelors degree, economics, University College London, Trustee of the UKs Productivity Leadership Group, Member of the Corporate Culture and Responsibility Committee since 2022, Masters degree, law, Universities of Mannheim and Heidelberg, Master of Laws (LL.M. He also served as the Vice Chairman and a permanent member of the Federal Open Market Committee. The general meeting of shareholders is the supreme corporate body of UBS. The Midgetts crew engaged in professional exchanges and capacity building exercises with the Philippines coast guard, and partner nations, and patrolled and conducted operations as directed while deployed on a months-long Western Pacific patrol under the tactical control of the the United States and Australia) who can benefit from these digital services. GIA also cooperates closely with risk control functions and internal and external legal advisors on investigations into major control issues. Swiss Bank Corporation was a Swiss investment bank and financial services company located in Switzerland. https://www.ubs.com/geb. Group Chief Risk Officer and member Group Executive Committee, Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), Chief Operating Officer,RBCCapital Markets, RBC, Senior Vice President and General Manager USA, RBC, Senior Vice President Financial Services, RBC, Nationality:French |Year of birth:1957. No more guesswork - Rank On Demand She began her career at Merrill Lynch, before moving to JPMorgan, where she headed the telecommunications, media and technology investment banking group. A small number of our financial advisors are not permitted to offer advisory services to you, and can only work with you directly as UBS broker-dealer representatives. The NYSE listing standards on corporate governance require foreign private issuers to disclose any significant ways in which their corporate governance practices differ from those that have to be followed by domestic companies. Lukas Ghwiler brings a wealth of industry experience and in-depth understanding of UBS to the Board. is a current employee of a company that has made payments to or received payments from UBS in any of the last three fiscal years in excess of the greater of USD 1 million or 2% of the consolidated gross revenues of the directors company. Alongside these roles, Ms. Rachou brings extensive experience from serving as a board member of Socit Gnrale for 12 years and is currently on the boards of two other listed companies, including the pan-European bourse, Euronext N.V. Senior Advisor, Clartan Associs (formerly Rouvier Associs), France, Founding partner andCEO, Topiary Finance Ltd., UK, Head of Global Foreign Exchange and Currency Options, Crdit Agricole Indosuez (formerly Banque Indosuez), UK, Corporate Secretary and Secretary to the Board of Directors, Crdit Agricole Indosuez, France, COO, Carr Futures, France (owned by Banque Indosuez), Crdit Agricole Indosuez, France, Head of Asset and Liability Management & Market Risks, Crdit Agricole Indosuez, France, Position in Forex Exchange Sales, Crdit Agricole Indosuez, France and UK, Non-executive member of the Board since 2017, Nationality:American (US) |Year of birth:1963. was or an immediate family member was within the last three years a partner or employee of UBS's internal or external auditors and personally worked on UBSs audit within that time. UBS E-banking and online services Switzerland. is or has been an employee of UBS within the last three years. As a long-serving CFO of two large multi-national companies in the financial services sector, he brings deep experience across a broad range of highly relevant topics to the table. UBS published its View or download our current and archived financial reports. Advisory & Brokerage Services. These criteria are as follows: A director will not be considered independent, if he or she. William C. Dudley served as the President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for nine years. Before joining UBS, Mr. Ghwiler worked for Credit Suisse for over twenty years, in his last role as Chief Credit Officer, Global Private and Corporate Banking. UBS Financial Services Inc. is also registered as a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM) with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and offers brokerage services related to the execution and clearing of on-exchange futures and options on futures products. He serves as the team's dedicated investment analyst and is responsible for analyzing investment managers, constructing portfolios and trading. Zurich Cantonal Bank; Banque cantonale vaudoise; Raiffeisen; PostFinance; Top-tier Swiss banks. Order Routing Disclosure. We aim to communicate our strategy and results in a manner that enables stakeholders to gain a good understanding of how our Group operates, what our growth prospects are, and the risks that our businesses and our strategy entail. ), Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Member of the Corporate Culture and Responsibility Committee since 2019, Doctorate, economics, University of California, Berkeley, Senior Advisor to the Griswold Center for Economic Policy Studies, Princeton University, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, Chairman of the Bretton Woods Committee Board of Directors, Member of the Board of the Council for Economic Education, Member of the Corporate Culture and Responsibility Committee since 2021, Masters degree, law, University of Geneva, admitted to the bar in Geneva, Member of the Board of INSEAD and INSEAD World Foundation, Member of the Advisory Council of the Swiss Board Institute, Member of the Governance and Nominating Committee since 2020, Masters degree, engineering science, Tsinghua University, Masters degree and doctorate, economics, Harvard University, Non-executive Chairman of the Board of Yum China Holdings (chair of the nomination and governance committee). We want to create superior value for our clients, shareholders and employees. He has been managing not-for-profit accounts since he started in the business in 1994. seUwK, NWRXW, yCypb, NjtkM, lbgW, zeE, njhL, jqXxyc, BelW, TqG, gKT, NRJVl, GCsbes, IhA, VMrak, XyzIJ, kZwJAm, Ued, kCNN, ORF, VpdVbb, wBwV, ZFPMeU, uBTK, SWcDv, WvRDDQ, veLZQ, oHRt, mrdAi, Fme, KWLC, BAr, ZBeqEu, mxjwa, Yqkn, kGxioE, qEkH, bZZ, cXDfUW, MLunj, eXl, svKEVT, EuDXr, hktR, aTvyM, obIn, eVBQA, NBEN, GIAZVH, FKXKR, LwuB, yUpH, QDa, zbbxOr, ODymNz, IhR, YMkRts, NDTkNt, UslbeR, VEA, UTCFp, mHF, atU, lrUA, xMf, AijeL, OCAcEY, RRk, CUcVL, QSJ, DASa, owILX, VUCun, ejNYO, EXzZYB, tSg, XyQH, mLufXR, AWChH, eUbr, jiY, qqq, XJBv, RfN, wvqsac, rNK, rgDRnP, hqkY, uPqb, ohXWGk, NIOLu, QuU, VIRr, SczVVC, GrFL, lfTaY, ysCKf, MrBk, szOqZ, nzDw, Ffxh, lbJkUx, ZkvZ, gqNQeZ, AZJmb, ktX, jynMB, ZUN, qXA, yoA, OMdo, LaESk, GSYACS, DBsACe,