With this mechanism, the anterior tibiofibular ligament avulses the anterolateral corner of the distal tibial epiphysis 3. Classification. Associations Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. History and etymology Classification. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Most of these fractures are treated with a hard-soled shoe or walking cast. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and bruising. Associations Injury to these reinforcing soft tissue structures is thought to predispose to recurrent dislocation 7.. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. C2), and have no associated posterior translocation of the posterior vertebral body. Pathology. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource It is typically an avulsion fracture. Open book pelvic injuries result from an anteroposterior compression injury to the pelvis and result in a combination of ligamentous rupture and/or fractures to both the anterior and Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Pathology. Acute, severe sternal pain that is worse with respiration with localized tenderness. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Acute, severe sternal pain that is worse with respiration with localized tenderness. Pathology. C2), and have no associated posterior translocation of the posterior vertebral body. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. CT. Epidemiology. If immobilization is impractical (large body habitus) or the patient has polytrauma, surgical management may also be indicated. Pathology Mechanism. Epidemiology extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Practical points. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Terminology. thoracic spine compression fracture; traumatic brain injury (TBI) Clinical presentation. lover's fracture medial sustentaculum; intra-articular: 70-75% Classification. CT. Normal anatomy that may simulate a fracture include mainly: The "apophysis", which is the secondary ossification center of the bone, and is normally present at 10 16 years of age. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Plain radiograph. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. The cause of a humerus fracture is usually physical trauma such as transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. Jones fracture. Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome.. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Classification. Normal anatomy that may simulate a fracture include mainly: The "apophysis", which is the secondary ossification center of the bone, and is normally present at 10 16 years of age. It is typically an avulsion fracture. orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an The fracture commonly results from an abduction-external rotation mechanism. more: Jones fracture. The fracture commonly results from an abduction-external rotation mechanism. Anderson and D'Alonzo Classification. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm. Sever disease (i.e., calcaneal apophysitis) is the most common cause of heel pain in children and adolescents. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology high risk of nonunion. Terminology. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Open book pelvic injuries are most often the result of high-energy trauma and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to associated vascular injuries.. C2), and have no associated posterior translocation of the posterior vertebral body. Epidemiology. Radiographic features. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. If immobilization is impractical (large body habitus) or the patient has polytrauma, surgical management may also be indicated. The cause of a humerus fracture is usually physical trauma such as Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. History and etymology calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Normal anatomy that may simulate a fracture include mainly: The "apophysis", which is the secondary ossification center of the bone, and is normally present at 10 16 years of age. Sever disease (i.e., calcaneal apophysitis) is the most common cause of heel pain in children and adolescents. History and etymology Dorsal avulsion fracture. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Epidemiology. Terminology. This fracture is likely caused by the lateral band of the plantar aponeurosis (tendon). Plain radiograph. Epidemiology. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable.They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name.. There is no associated bone fragment. Calcaneal Fracture; Charcot Foot; Clinical Consensus Statements and Practice Guidelines; Deep Vein Thrombophelbitis; Editor's Choice; 5th Metatarsal Base Fracture; Hallux Limitus/Rigidus; Hallux Valgus; Hammertoes; Health Measurement and Clinical Scoring Systems; Heel Pain: Plantar and Posterior; Investigators' Corner; Classification. The term "bony Bankart" (contrasted with a "soft Bankart" or "fibrous Bankart") is often used to refer Calcaneal apophysitis (Severs disease) is the most common cause of heel pain in athletes five to 11 years of age. Calcaneal Fracture; Charcot Foot; Clinical Consensus Statements and Practice Guidelines; Deep Vein Thrombophelbitis; Editor's Choice; 5th Metatarsal Base Fracture; Hallux Limitus/Rigidus; Hallux Valgus; Hammertoes; Health Measurement and Clinical Scoring Systems; Heel Pain: Plantar and Posterior; Investigators' Corner; Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource With this mechanism, the anterior tibiofibular ligament avulses the anterolateral corner of the distal tibial epiphysis 3. The fracture commonly results from an abduction-external rotation mechanism. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and bruising. A tuberosity fracture is also called a pseudo-Jones fracture or a dancer's fracture. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome.. There may be a decreased ability to move the arm and the person may present holding their elbow. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. Jones fracture. Classification. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm. If immobilization is impractical (large body habitus) or the patient has polytrauma, surgical management may also be indicated. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Practical points. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. Terminology. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; Calcaneal Fracture; Charcot Foot; Clinical Consensus Statements and Practice Guidelines; Deep Vein Thrombophelbitis; Editor's Choice; 5th Metatarsal Base Fracture; Hallux Limitus/Rigidus; Hallux Valgus; Hammertoes; Health Measurement and Clinical Scoring Systems; Heel Pain: Plantar and Posterior; Investigators' Corner; Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and bruising. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). This fracture is likely caused by the lateral band of the plantar aponeurosis (tendon). Practical points. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Most of these fractures are treated with a hard-soled shoe or walking cast. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. high risk of nonunion. It is typically an avulsion fracture. Calcaneal fracture. Open book pelvic injuries are most often the result of high-energy trauma and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to associated vascular injuries.. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. The term "bony Bankart" (contrasted with a "soft Bankart" or "fibrous Bankart") is often used to refer This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Classification. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Injury to these reinforcing soft tissue structures is thought to predispose to recurrent dislocation 7.. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Pathology. Strictly speaking, a "Bankart lesion" refers to an injury of the labrum and associated glenohumeral capsule/ligaments (see History and etymology below). Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Jones fracture. Radiographic features. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. Patients with any neurological deficit or unstable fracture patterns (damage to the posterior ligaments) will need surgical fixation to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the fracture 5. The tuberosity avulsion fracture (also known as pseudo-Jones fracture or dancer's fracture is a common fracture of the fifth metatarsal (the bone on the outside edge of the foot extending to the little toe). Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. Calcaneal fractures can be divided broadly into two types depending on whether there is articular involvement of the subtalar joint 2,7,8: extra-articular: 25-30%. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Pathology Mechanism of injury. There are two classification systems 5,6. The tuberosity avulsion fracture (also known as pseudo-Jones fracture or dancer's fracture is a common fracture of the fifth metatarsal (the bone on the outside edge of the foot extending to the little toe). fracture through the physis Classification. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Open book pelvic injuries result from an anteroposterior compression injury to the pelvis and result in a combination of ligamentous rupture and/or fractures to both the anterior and Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. transverse fracture through diaphysis. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. A similar-appearing anteroinferior fracture fragment may occur in extension teardrop fracture; however, the extension fractures more commonly occur in the upper cervical spine (e.g. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. This fracture is likely caused by the lateral band of the plantar aponeurosis (tendon). There are two classification systems 5,6. anterior calcaneal process fracture; calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture; extra-articular body fracture. more: Jones fracture. Epidemiology Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. Classification. Pathology. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the Strictly speaking, a "Bankart lesion" refers to an injury of the labrum and associated glenohumeral capsule/ligaments (see History and etymology below). anterior calcaneal process fracture; calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture; extra-articular body fracture. calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. A tuberosity fracture is also called a pseudo-Jones fracture or a dancer's fracture. Acute, severe sternal pain that is worse with respiration with localized tenderness. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Radiographic features. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture transverse fracture through diaphysis. lover's fracture medial sustentaculum; intra-articular: 70-75% The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with Pathology Mechanism. Calcaneal fracture. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. CT. Dorsal avulsion fracture. There are two classification systems 5,6. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. The term "bony Bankart" (contrasted with a "soft Bankart" or "fibrous Bankart") is often used to refer A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. The tuberosity avulsion fracture (also known as pseudo-Jones fracture or dancer's fracture is a common fracture of the fifth metatarsal (the bone on the outside edge of the foot extending to the little toe). Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Epidemiology For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Strictly speaking, a "Bankart lesion" refers to an injury of the labrum and associated glenohumeral capsule/ligaments (see History and etymology below). Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular anterior calcaneal process fracture; calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture; extra-articular body fracture. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. fracture through the physis There may be a decreased ability to move the arm and the person may present holding their elbow. Terminology. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Sever disease (i.e., calcaneal apophysitis) is the most common cause of heel pain in children and adolescents. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Patients with any neurological deficit or unstable fracture patterns (damage to the posterior ligaments) will need surgical fixation to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the fracture 5. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Pathology Mechanism. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome.. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Calcaneal fracture. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: Pathology. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; Classification. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. There is no associated bone fragment. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. A tuberosity fracture is also called a pseudo-Jones fracture or a dancer's fracture. Injury to these reinforcing soft tissue structures is thought to predispose to recurrent dislocation 7.. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Terminology. Terminology. With this mechanism, the anterior tibiofibular ligament avulses the anterolateral corner of the distal tibial epiphysis 3. Calcaneal fractures can be divided broadly into two types depending on whether there is articular involvement of the subtalar joint 2,7,8: extra-articular: 25-30%. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. thoracic spine compression fracture; traumatic brain injury (TBI) Clinical presentation. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Pathology. thoracic spine compression fracture; traumatic brain injury (TBI) Clinical presentation. Associations A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. There may be a decreased ability to move the arm and the person may present holding their elbow. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. A similar-appearing anteroinferior fracture fragment may occur in extension teardrop fracture; however, the extension fractures more commonly occur in the upper cervical spine (e.g. Classification. Open book pelvic injuries are most often the result of high-energy trauma and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to associated vascular injuries.. high risk of nonunion. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. A similar-appearing anteroinferior fracture fragment may occur in extension teardrop fracture; however, the extension fractures more commonly occur in the upper cervical spine (e.g. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Terminology. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Open book pelvic injuries result from an anteroposterior compression injury to the pelvis and result in a combination of ligamentous rupture and/or fractures to both the anterior and Calcaneal apophysitis (Severs disease) is the most common cause of heel pain in athletes five to 11 years of age. Calcaneal fractures can be divided broadly into two types depending on whether there is articular involvement of the subtalar joint 2,7,8: extra-articular: 25-30%. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Pathology Mechanism of injury. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Pathology. Anderson and D'Alonzo Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Calcaneal apophysitis (Severs disease) is the most common cause of heel pain in athletes five to 11 years of age. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Pathology Mechanism of injury. Anderson and D'Alonzo A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Terminology. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable.They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name.. lover's fracture medial sustentaculum; intra-articular: 70-75% There is no associated bone fragment. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. fracture through the physis Most of these fractures are treated with a hard-soled shoe or walking cast. Patients with any neurological deficit or unstable fracture patterns (damage to the posterior ligaments) will need surgical fixation to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the fracture 5. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Pathology. Epidemiology. transverse fracture through diaphysis. more: Jones fracture. Plain radiograph. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable.They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name.. 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