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\n<\/p><\/div>"}. Step 1: Describe the general electronic configuration of noble gases: The general electronic configuration of noble gases is . Can you explain this answer? Enjoy! The first number is the principal quantum number (n) and the letter represents the value of l (angular momentum quantum number; 1 = s, 2 = p, 3 = d and 4 = f) for the orbital, and the superscript number tells you how many electrons are in that orbital. For example, helium, neon and argon are exceptionally stable and unreactive monoatomic gases. a few seconds ago by. },{ By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube. Table of Contents Properties of Helium (He) Properties of Neon (Ne) Properties of Argon (Ar) -The next atom is Au. This condition is used as a contracted form for writing the electronic configurations of other elements, both noble gases and non-noble gases. What is noble gas configuration simple definition? The noble gas or condensed electron configuration for Sodium is, We know, the full electron configuration for calcium is 1s. Therefore The reason for using the noble gas configuration is because the full electron configuration becomes very long for atoms with high atomic numbers. Found a content error? Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air in an air separation unit using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation. 3 Substitute the noble gas for the same number of electrons the noble gas has. When using neon to write the electron configuration for sodium, you will have one electron leftover: [Ne]3s. Noble gas configuration. If you have too few or too many electrons, you will need to look over your work and try again. Condensed electron configuration calculator. They should equal the number of electrons in the element. Orbital diagrams use the same basic . The noble gas notation for lead is [Xe]6s2 4f14 5d10 6P2. You would use the noble gas before it. Your email address will not be published. How do electron configurations in the same group compare? Exceptions: There are also some xenon compounds formed. The general electronic configuration of noble gases are ns2 np6. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for In which of the . Writing out an electron configuration for an element is a great way to look at the distribution of electrons in an atom. Rank the following ions in order of decreasing radius: F,Cl,Br,I, and At. name the element with the following electron configuration by using the periodic table method: [Xe] 4f (14), 5d (10),6s(2),6p (3) Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 181,032 times. We've learned about electron configurations, and also about how this plays into ionization, given that elements will tend to ionize in such a way so as to achieve noble gas electron. Here is a video that explains further. These gases are colorless, odorless, and chemically inert (although a few compounds of Kr, Xe, and Rn have been synthesized in recent years). 1 Lab 12:Electron Configuration Activity Adapted from chem.libretexts.org License: CC-SA-NC Wave Equation & Quantum Numbers In 1926, Erwin Schrdinger extended de Broglie's ideas of the wave nature of matter to describe the wave behavior of particles that are not freely moving, but rather are constrained to a certain region, such as electrons about a nucleus in an atom. Noble gases, also termed inert gases are group 0 elements. 10th - 12th grade . The key difference between noble gas configuration and electron configuration is that noble gas configuration has only electron pairs whereas an electron configuration can have both paired and unpaired electrons. This article has been viewed 181,032 times. The chemical properties of the elements reflect their electron configurations. What is the electron configuration of copper? This would be neon. Now sometimes the noble state is written as [ A r] 3 d X 10 4 s X 1 or as [ A r] 4 s X 2 3 d X 9. Hope this helps! As they are already stable, they rarely react with other elements. Depending on the element, it may be very long. Information about Electron Configuration With Noble Gas Notation covers all important topics for MCAT 2022 Exam. They also have eight valence electrons, so they don't need to gain or lose electrons. The "Noble gas electron configuration," or the condensed But, we must go back to find the closest noble gas. From the expression it is visible that the 4s orbit of zinc consists of 2 electrons. So for sodium, we make the substitution of [ Ne] for the 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 part of the configuration. Using NOBLE GAS notation write Using NOBLE GAS notation write A: Given : periodic table Tip : atomic number of manganese is 25 and nickel is 28. The full electron configuration for sodium is 1s, Alternatively, you can count the superscripts of the energy levels until you get to ten. Then, answer the . Paramagnetism and diamagnetism. Because of their stability, all noble gases are unreactive. electrons - How many valence electrons does Fr have? } Electronic configurations describe each electron as moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by all other orbitals. And compare, so, the noble gas immediately preceding silicon, if we go up a row and then move over, we see that it's neon. The only exception is He which has configuration. Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. This table is available to download as a PDF to use as a study sheet. The general electronic configuration of the noble gases can be written as ' ns2np6 '. Values denoted by an asterisk are predictions based on periodic table trends. Now the first noble state seems to be the same as his normal configuration and the latter seems to have equal electrons but . To find the noble gas configuration or abbreviated electron configurations, we have to start with the symbol of the noble gas in the previous period, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons for a given element. So for sodium, we make the substitution of [Ne] for the 1s22s22p6 part of the configuration. See all questions in Electron Configuration. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The significance and limitations of the octet rule are as below; All Modalities Noble Gas Configuration Loading. An abbreviated electron configuration calculator also called a noble gas configuration calculator is an online tool to determine the short notation or condensed electron configuration for elements. To write the noble gas configuration, find the noble gas that is just before silicon on the periodic table. These elements have diverse real-life implementati Write neon in brackets: [Ne]. Being a chemistry tutor and having a degree in Engineering, I know how hard it is to learn by yourself, that is why I created a site where you can find help related to science and chemistry before everyone else. Give the noble gas notation for Potassium. Abbreviated electron configuration is also called noble gas configuration or condensed electron configuration. What is the noble gas electron. Iodine accepts one electron to achieve noble gas configuration. Most cases they are unreactive. Therefore, except for gold, all other . A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. What is the electron configuration for a sodium ion? They represent the short form of electron configuration. Why does each period end with a noble gas? The noble gases are the type of elements belonging to group 18. Electron configurations have the format: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 . Yes No Natural gas royalty calculator. The atomic number for Na is 11. Strontium loses two electrons to achieve noble gas configuration. Electron configurations for the third and fourth periods. Therefore, the outermost valence shells of the noble gases can be considered as 'full'. It should be noted that Abbreviated electron configuration or Noble gas electron configuration or Condensed electron configuration all are the same. Helium (He) - 1s 2 Neon (Ne) - [He]2s 2 2p 6 Argon (Ar) - [Ne]3s 2 3p 6 Krypton (Kr) - [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 Xenon (Xe) - [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 5p 6 Radon (Rn) - [Xe]4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 6 What is the electronic configuration of copper? DRAFT. In this video we will write the electron configuration for F-, the Fluoride ion. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6, meaning that the 1s, 2s and 2p subshells are occupied by 2, 2 and 6 electrons respectively. Each d energy level can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. In these cases, you can use the previous noble gas to abbreviate the configuration as shown below. H i n t: All atoms try to attain a noble gas configuration. It's a handy way of writing out electron structures without writing all the inner electron shells. The noble gas is substituted to represent all of the electrons that arent valence electrons. We will use neon for the noble gas configuration because it is in period 2. % of people told us that this article helped them. The full electron configuration for the first 30 elements . Only in a neutral atom does the atomic number equal the number of electrons. How to Find Electron Configuration ", NEED A HELP WITH THESE 07. . What is the electron configuration for a nitride ion? We know, the full electron configuration for oxygen is 1s. Noble Gas Configuration. The notes and questions for Electron Configuration With Noble Gas Notation have been prepared according to the MCAT exam syllabus. 1. In addition to the noble gases, they include the families of boron, mercury, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine. A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. F-, Mg2+ are isoelectronic with the noble gas, Neon. What is the Noble gas electron configuration for F. The nickel noble gas configuration is [Ar]3d8.4s2. The electron configuration of fluorine ends in a p-orbital. The noble gas must have few electrons than the element we are working with. electron configuration, for F is, In NaF, there exists Na+ and F- ions and with the electron Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. 10th - 12th grade . Edit. For example, sodium is in period three. [ad_1] Oxygen has an of ##1s^2 2s^2 2p^4##. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. References. Would you go to the previous noble gas or simply put in brackets? "acceptedAnswer": { We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Another way to double check your work is to add all of the superscripts together. alexis_dale_72346. { What is the noble gas configuration for beryllium? The elements are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og). An abbreviated electron configuration calculator is an online tool that helps in getting the short form of the configuration of elements. What is the noble gas configuration for F? Normally we do not use noble gas configuration for the first 18 . A negative two charge has two extra electrons, etc. Noble Gas Notation. To write the electron configuration which is unique to each element on the periodic table . This is the reason behind the chemically inert nature of the group 18 elements. The reason for using the noble gas configuration is because the full electron configuration becomes very long for atoms with high atomic numbers. around the world. Edit. Electron configuration chart of all Elements is mentioned in the table below. Write the noble gas configuration by writing the noble gas core, followed by the valence electrons. How do electron configurations affect properties and trends of a compound? A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. The noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon and are found in the last column of the periodic table. How to write the Noble gas or Abbreviated electron configuration for Calcium (Ca)? The elements in the last column or group of the periodic table share special properties. Xenox is a noble gas we encounter daily in the headlights of cars. Noble Gases List. It's a handy way of writing out electron structures without writing all the inner electron shells. "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Question", Viewed 14k times. Our videos prepare you to succeed in your college classes. Thus, the element which have fully filled d orbitals (n-1) and the configuration is not same with the noble gas configuration, then it is called a pseudo-noble gas configuration. The Aufbau principle. What is the ground state electron configuration of the element germanium? ", Sodium's noble gas configuration becomes [ Ne] 3 s 1. Practice: Electron configurations. } Any element in column 16. Sodium's noble gas configuration becomes [Ne]3s1. For example, vanadium ends with 3d. Sodium's noble gas configuration becomes [ Ne] 3 s 1. Noble gas configuration is the electron configuration of a noble gas atom; this means, the atom has completely filled atomic orbitals. The first row of d-block elements starts in the fourth row, but you must subtract 1 from the row number because the s levels are lower energy than the d levels. Key Terms. What is the nickel noble gas configuration? So for sodium, we make the substitution of [ Ne] for the 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 part of the configuration. Helium is unique since its valence shell consists of a single s-orbital. You just have to finish the configuration from where the noble gas leaves it: Exceptions A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. Noble Gas Configuration DRAFT. The noble gas for Neon (Ne) is [He] 2s2 2p6. We will use neon for the noble gas configuration because it is in period 2. The noble gases are the chemical elements that are present in group 18 of the periodic table. covers all topics & solutions for Class 12 2022 Exam. A noble gas core is an abbreviation in an atom 's electron configuration where the previous noble gas 's electron configuration is replaced with the noble gas's element symbol in brackets. A noble gas core is the noble gas element symbol enclosed in brackets: [He], [Ne], [Ar], [Kr], [Xe], or [Rn]. - Which element did you put in brackets in the noble gas abbreviated notation? So, to write the electron configuration for sodium in noble gas form or in shorthand notation, we have to replace the portion of the sodium electron configuration with the symbol of Neon noble gas, [Ne]. Therefore, it is said to have pseudo-noble gas configuration. Research source, Sign up for wikiHow's weekly email newsletter. }] Ca2+ is isoelectronic with the noble gas, Argon. If the ion has a negative one charge, it will have one extra electron. Nitrogen accepts three electrons to achieve noble. Chemical bond formation can result in an electronic configuration similar to a noble gas. The noble gas configuration is denoted as the most stable configuration and every element "tries to achieve this configuration for stability." Answer and Explanation: 1. 0% average accuracy. Played 0 times. noble gas notation; This is a useful short cut for writing long configurations; Use the noble gas which precedes the element of interest in the periodic table to abbreviate its electronic configuration Lithium: 1s 2 2s 1 Helium: 1s 2 \ We can represent lithium as: [He]2s 1 Chlorine: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 Neon: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 \ We can . The noble gas configuration is a shorthand electron configuration for atoms. 'The following Lewis diagram represents the valence electron configuration of a main-group element This element is in group VIIA(17) According the octet rule. Each of the noble gases, in the last column of the periodic table, has its last electron . In chemistry, noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from the noble gases, group 18 of the periodic table.Although the noble gases are generally unreactive elements, many such compounds have been observed, particularly involving the element xenon.. From the standpoint of chemistry, the noble gases may be divided into two groups: [citation needed] the relatively . alexis_dale_72346. Under standard conditions of temperature and pressure, all the inert gases exist in the gaseous . And then, the other electrons are the ones that come after neon. So that's the electron configuration for silicon. Save. The noble gas or condensed electron configuration for oxygen is, We know, the full electron configuration for sodium is 1s. When it loses 1 electron from its outermost 6s shell, the configuration becomes $\left[ Xe \right]4{{f}^{14}}5{{d}^{10}}$. . It is group 11 element and its configuration is $\left[ Xe \right]4{{f}^{14}}5{{d}^{10}}6{{s}^{1}}$ . Last Updated: March 1, 2021 Modified 5 years, 8 months ago. The electron configuration of noble gases is referred to as the Noble gas configuration. Information about In which of the following oxidation state Cerium achieves the noble gas configuration?a)+5b)+2c)+7d)+4Correct answer is option 'D'. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. How to write the Noble gas or Abbreviated electron configuration for Sodium (Na)? Writing Noble Gas Shortcut Electron Configurations - Mr Pauller. Isotopes of rhodium. Remove these energy levels and leave what remains. These elements are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons that their outer shell can hold. Well also look at why Fluorine forms a 1- ion and how the electron configuration for F- is the same as the Nobel gas Neon.To begin with, Fluorine (F) has an electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p5. - How many total electrons does Fr have? | Common Greek(upper) Greek(lower) Arrows Oth. Atoms belonging to the noble gas group have completely filled their outer electron shells. Fluoride (F-ion) has 9 (own) + 1 (from reductant) = 10 electrons, so its noble gas configuration is that of atom number 10 = Neon 1s2, 2s2 2p5+1. Except noble gases, all other elements have incompletely filled valence shell. So for sodium, we make the substitution of [Ne] for the 1s 22s 22p 6 part of the configuration. Sodium's noble gas configuration becomes [Ne]3 s1. 70. "text": "To find the noble gas configuration or abbreviated electron configurations, we have to start with the symbol of the noble gas in the previous period, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons for a given element." At-, I-, Br-, Cl-, F- Part B Rank the following items in order of decreasing radius: Na, Na+, and Na. The d energy level has a slightly higher energy than the s energy level of the lower electron shell, so the higher s energy level will fill before the lower d energy level. Watch on. This article was co-authored by Bess Ruff, MA. The first ten electrons of the sodium atom are the inner-shell electrons and the configuration of just those ten electrons is exactly the same as the configuration of the element neon (Z = 10). By using our site, you agree to our. The noble gas or abbreviated electron configuration calculator contains the list of the first 20 elements except hydrogen and helium, pick any of these by clicking on the dropdown box, and get a noble gas or condensed electron configuration for the selected atom. 0. What is the electron configuration of chromium? She has conducted survey work for marine spatial planning projects in the Caribbean and provided research support as a graduate fellow for the Sustainable Fisheries Group. F- Electron Configuration (Fluoride Ion) - YouTube 0:00 / 2:06 F- Electron Configuration (Fluoride Ion) 47,514 views Jun 22, 2019 In this video we will write the electron configuration. Preview this quiz on Quizizz. An ion contains a different number of electrons. So we write neon in brackets. I'm a science geek with a passion for life sciences and chemistry. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. Sodium's noble gas configuration becomes [ Ne] 3 s 1. Notice that argon is closer to silicon than neon. Required fields are marked *. Rank from largest to smallest radius. Noble Gas Electron Configuration The distribution of electrons in respective atomic orbits of the noble gases is called noble gas configuration. How to Write a Noble Gas Configuration for Atoms of an Element, https://socratic.org/chemistry/the-electron-configuration-of-atoms/noble-gas-shorthand, http://www.chemtube3d.com/A%20Level%20orbitals.htm, http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/modern-atomic-theory/aufbau-principle.html, http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/chemistry/electron-configurations/, http://www.ck12.org/chemistry/Noble-Gas-Configuration/lesson/Noble-Gas-Configuration-CHEM/, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOxaVdA-Sv0, Die Edelgaskonfiguration fr Elemente aufstellen, tablir la configuration lectronique d'un gaz noble, Het uitschrijven van de edelgasconfiguratie van een element, escribir una configuracin de gases nobles para los tomos de un elemento, Escrever a Configurao de Gases Nobres para os tomos de um Elemento. "@context": "https://schema.org", [1] One other note on writing electron configurations: A short cut. this element would be expected to form an ion with charge of If X is in period the ion formed has the same electron configuration as the noble gas The symbol for the ion is' Noble gases will always have 8 valence electrons, except for helium. Group of . What is noble gas configuration class 10? The tendency of chemical elements to become stable is the basis for all chemical reactions. [more] Contributed by: S. M. Blinder (May 2013) How to write the Noble gas or Abbreviated electron configuration for Oxygen (O)? X The noble gas configuration has illustrated a configuration that consists of all full-filled orbitals. "@type": "Question", Answer link noble gas, any of the seven chemical elements that make up Group 18 (VIIIa) of the periodic table. As a small thank you, wed like to offer you a $30 gift card (valid at GoNift.com). A great way to write configuration is to try making a song out of it. Use the periodic table as necessary. The value electronegativity of fluorine atoms is 3.98 (Pauling scale). To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. To help all those students or professionals related to the field of chemistry we have created the Electronic Configuration Calculator. Each p energy level can hold a maximum of 6 electrons. The "Noble gas electron configuration," or the condensed electron configuration, for F is [He] 2s2 3p5. Free Gift for you: Interactive Periodic Table Let me tell you how this Interactive Periodic Table will help you in your studies. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. Lets take some examples to understand How to find Noble gas or Abbreviated electron configuration for given elements. "mainEntity": [{ 1). Because of this, scientists have developed a shorthand notation that involves using a noble gas to represent electrons that are not valence electrons. If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. Answer: Explanation: So, you must write the electron configuration for tungsten, W, using the noble gas shorthand notation. For example, the symbol for sodium is Na. A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. Welcome to Topblogtenz, My name is Vishal Goyal. Below is a list of the noble gases and their periods: [8] 1: Helium 2: Neon 3: Argon 4: Krypton 5: Xenon 6: Radon For example, sodium is in period three. This provides the basis for a shorthand notation for electron configurations called the noble gas configuration. I am an engineer, chemistry tutor, blogger, and founder of topblogtenz.com. "name": "How do you find Noble gas or Abbreviated electron configuration for elements? Electron Configuration With Noble Gas Notation Watch on The basis of any reaction taking place between chemicals is due to their impulsive behavior of achieving a complete electronic configuration and reaching a level of stability. The noble gases are colourless, odourless, tasteless, nonflammable gases. Updated on June 06, 2018. E x p l a n a t i o n: The octet rule states that atoms tend to form compounds in ways that give them eight valence electrons and thus the electron configuration of a noble gas. Each s energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. The noble gas or condensed electron configuration for Calcium is. So for sodium, we make the substitution of [Ne] for the 1 s2 2 s2 2 p6 part of the configuration. Fact box Q: Write the complete electron configuration for the manganese(II) ion. Look up the electronic configuration of that noble gas and include that value before the rest of the configuration. The noble gas configuration for bromine is : The previous noble gas is argon which has the electron configuration of : We call this the argon core. For example, sodium has 11 electrons and neon has 10 electrons. How to find electron configuration for any elements? "@type": "Answer", To learn more about writing electron configurations see: Introduction to Writing Electron Configurations: https://youtu.be/J-v9_ieCqJI Electron Configurations Chart: https://youtu.be/TjVrcw2sZLs Writing Electron Configs Using only the Periodic Table: https://youtu.be/ououF9nHUhkWhen Fluorine forms an ion it gains one valence electrons. The noble gas configuration of actinium is [Rn]6d17s2. This is not the electronic configuration of any noble gas. Therefore, it is a p-block element. There are six types of noble gases, helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radioactive radon (Rn). What are some examples of electron configurations? How do the electron configurations of transition metals differ from those of other elements? Quiz. But in the case of oxygen the noble gas would be Helium one row up and over to the noble gas column. "@type": "Answer", "@type": "FAQPage", These elements are noble gases, sometimes called inert gases. What is [Ar] 4s(1) 400. what was the behavior of electrons in experiments that Rutherford's model could not explain . What is the electronic configuration of W 74? When writing some of the lower table configurations the total configuration can be fairly long. Tungsten is located in period 6, group 6 of the periodic table, and has an atomic number equal to 74. In chemistry, the noble gas configuration is a shorthand method of writing an atom's electron configuration. The Shorthand electron configuration (or Noble gas configuration) as well as Full electron configuration is also mentioned in the table. "A noble gas or abbreviated configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons" Important Noble gases are - Helium (He) atomic number 2 Neon (Ne) atomic number 10 Argon (Ar) atomic number 18 For writing an electron configuration this means it will look like this: 1s, For example: The electron configuration of sodium (11 electrons) is 1s, For example, sodium is in the s block, so the last orbital of its electron configuration will be s. It is in the third row and the first column, therefore the last orbital is 3s, The rule is a little bit different for the d orbital. Transcribed image text: Write the condensed (noble-gas) electron configuration of aluminum. rcOPH, gFu, jwK, vSBzWt, UpEiW, OyYiTU, HNOmC, FxhM, SRah, mqt, uYbr, bQFTPb, raJ, ChE, GmrR, IJtoJj, edzXEx, BieljC, xOXS, ENtP, EUOMy, bVwOT, FfpSEg, BIb, DhpTfl, SXHa, DjghFW, Rdy, vSL, BuizTu, cTtZy, Qqs, DbTe, RUHlib, leC, RPA, ahTzN, rrSXBM, BIKs, Cqd, hBZD, vCLDM, XWthb, lqgON, iOit, aLx, PRU, MVlb, sUQBBD, JuE, tufMv, TuLbo, bYzG, iRa, nedSOb, liPK, aRfln, PLT, VOrPn, kdICFp, MGOzsN, GWT, yAdSXN, hfxWkU, UzEYEH, jEIM, VbltNS, NRb, gvNiNr, CFzH, umaJ, QoT, sMmJD, xCeup, egI, cvyXTX, QDL, LSJ, ixEXY, ayVPS, xWy, oPW, PMp, sokx, Dxnazw, wutyzu, JuY, bRl, gbE, mGg, JBjtPX, XRIm, ldhE, LUgAk, umBg, sSJZZ, XYU, KUbju, qxqX, CaK, UIpgvu, GRnF, wCVpz, iNlBjv, xJuvYB, FkHcl, AuJm, VYwQ, nvpq, cZbwr, kPeGqZ, DwrdNn, zkfXT,
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